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Mobil qurilmalarda operatsion tizim tushunchasi
Mobil qurilmalarning operatsion tizimlar platformasi
Аndroid operatsion tizimi va uning arxitekturasi
Аndroid operatsion tizimi xizmatlari Аndroid operatsion tizimi rivojlanishi va uning boshqa operatsion tizimlardan farqi
Mobil operatsion tizimlar va ularning rivojlanish tarixi Mobil operatsion tizimlar – bu mobil qurilmalar (smartfonlar, planshetlar, PDA va boshqa mobil qurilmalar)ni boshqarish uchun mo ʼ ljallangan tizimlar hisoblanadi. Mobil operatsion tizimlar ikkita asosiy platforma ya ʼ ni user-facing dasturiy ta ʼ minot platformasi va qurilmalarni boshqarish uchun mo ʼ ljallangan quyi sathdagi real-vaqt operatsion tizidan iborat bo ʼ ladi.
Mobil operatsion tizimlar va ularning rivojlanish tarixi Mobil operatsion tizimlarning rivojlanish bosqichlari Yaratilgan yiliQurilma va OT nomiTasnifi 1979–1992Mobil qurilmalarJarayonlarni boshqarish uchun embedded systems tizimlardan foydalanilgan 1993 Birinchi smartfonlarTouchscreen, ва PDA xususiyatlari mavjud Palm OS, Windows CE, Nokia S40 Touchscreen, , internet xizmatlari 2002BlackBerry smartfonlari Xavfsizlik protokollari 2005Nokia, birinchi internet planshet, Maemo OS 2007Apple IPhone, iOS"mobile phone" ва "internet communicator Android, OHABirinchi android smartfonlari 2010Windows Phone OS 2011MeeGo birinchi Linux mobil tizimi Nokia, Intel va Linux Foundation asosida Nokia N9 da sinalgan
Mobil qurilmalarga dasturiy vositalar yaratish uchun platformalar NomiDasturlash tili AndroidJava, C++, Kotlin BlackBerryJava iOS SDKObjective – C, Objective Pascal, Swift Java MEJava Windows Phone (WP)Visual C++, Visual C#, Visual Basic MarmaladeC/C++ Python FireFox OSHTML5, CSS, JavaScript...
Mobil qurilmalar uchun OT larning qo ʼ llanilish ko ʼ rsatkichlari
Zamonaviy mobil qurilmalar uchun operatsion tizimlarning asosiy funktsiyalari Touchscreen Cellular Bluetooth Wi-Fi GPS mobile navigation camera, video camera speech recognition, voice recorder music player near field communication (NFC) infrared blaster (IR blaster).
Android операцион тизими Android nima? Android – bu mobil qurilmalar uchun mo ʼ ljallangan turli hil ilovalar va xizmatlarni o ʼ z ichiga olgan operatsion tizim. Android arxitekturasi Java asosida qurilgan bo ʼ lib, android tizim uchun barcha ilova va dasturlar Java dasturlash tili yordamida yaratiladi.
Android operatsion tizimi rivojlanish bosqichlari
Android arxitekturasi Linux kernel – bu Android tizimining yadrosi hisoblanadi va 115 patch dan iborat. Bu asosan tizim funktsionalini ya ʼ ni, protsesslar boshqaruvi, xotirani boshqarish, qurilmalarni (displey, kamera, klaviatura va h.k. lar) boshqarish uchun xizmat qiladi. Bundan tashqari tarmoq komponentalarini, qurilmalar drayverlarini boshqaradi. Libraries – Ilovalarni boshqarish uchun zarur bo ʼ lgan kutubxonalardan iborat. Bunga Web browser engine WebKit, ma ʼ lumotlarni saqlash va ilovalararo ma ʼ lumotlarni almashish uchun SQLite database kutubxonasi, audio va video ma ʼ lumotlarni boshqarish uchun Media Framework, internet xavfsizligi uchun SSL kutubxonasi, grafikani boshqarish uchun OpenGL, touchscreen xizmati uchun Surface Manager va h.k. lar
Android Runtime – Dalvik Virtual Machine komponentini boshqarish uchun ishlatiladigan kutubxona hisoblanadi. Bunda har bir ilovaning o ʼ z protsessida ishlashi ta ʼ minlanadi. O ʼ z navbatida bu kutubxonalar ilovalar yaratishda Java dasturlash tilini ishlatish uchun ham yordam beradi. Application Framework – yuqori sathdagi Java sinf va paketlar jamlanmasidir. Bunda tayyor xizmatlardan foydalanish mumkin (Broadcast Receivers, Content Providers, Camera Control va h.k. lar) Applications – bu foydalanuvchi uchun mo ʼ ljallangan ilovalar sathi hisoblanadi (Contacts Books, Browser, Games)
Android operatsion tizimining xususiyatlari XususiyatiTasnifi Beautiful UI Android OS basic screen provides a beautiful and intuitive user interface. Connectivity GSM/EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, LTE, NFC and WiMAX. Storage SQLite, a lightweight relational database, is used for data storage purposes. Media support H.263, H.264, MPEG-4 SP, AMR, AMR-WB, AAC, HE-AAC, AAC 5.1, MP3, MIDI, Ogg Vorbis, WAV, JPEG, PNG, GIF, and BMP Messaging SMS and MMS Web browser Based on the open-source WebKit layout engine, coupled with Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine supporting HTML5 and CSS3. Multi-touch Android has native support for multi-touch which was initially made available in handsets such as the HTC Hero. Multi-tasking User can jump from one task to another and same time various application can run simultaneously. Resizable widgets Widgets are resizable, so users can expand them to show more content or shrink them to save space Multi-Language Supports single direction and bi-directional text. GCM Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) is a service that lets developers send short message data to their users on Android devices, without needing a proprietary sync solution. Wi-Fi Direct A technology that lets apps discover and pair directly, over a high-bandwidth peer-to- peer connection. Android Beam A popular NFC-based technology that lets users instantly share, just by touching two NFC-enabled phones together.
Android GUI arxitekturasi Model-View-Controller konseptsiyasi Bu foydalanuvchi interfeyslarini ishlab chiqish uchun keng tarqalgan bo'lib foydalaniladigan dasturiy ta'minot dizayni bo'lib, u tegishli dastur mantig'ini o'zaro bog'liq uchta elementga ajratadi. Bu ma'lumotlarning ichki taqdimotlarini foydalanuvchiga taqdim etish va qabul qilish usullaridan ajratish uchun amalga oshiriladi.
MVC Bu foydalanuvchi interfeyslarini ishlab chiqish uchun keng tarqalgan bo'lib foydalaniladigan dasturiy ta'minot dizayni bo'lib, u tegishli dastur mantig'ini o'zaro bog'liq uchta elementga ajratadi. Bu ma'lumotlarning ichki taqdimotlarini foydalanuvchiga taqdim etish va qabul qilish usullaridan ajratish uchun amalga oshiriladi. Model Patternning markaziy komponenti. Bu foydalanuvchi interfeysidan qat'i nazar dasturning dinamik ma'lumotlar tarkibi. Dastur ma'lumotlari, mantiqiyligi va qoidalarini bevosita boshqaradi. View Grafika, diagramma yoki jadval kabi har qanday ma'lumot. Bir xil ma'lumotlarning bir nechta ko'rinishi mumkin, masalan, boshqaruv paneli sxemasi va buxgalterlar uchun jadval ko'rinishida. Controller Kirishni qabul qiladi va uni model yoki ko'rinish uchun buyruqlarga o'zgartiradi.
Аndroid operatsion tizimining boshqa operatsion tizimlardan farqi (Android vs. iOS) ХусусиятиAndroidiOS Company/Developer GoogleApple Inc. OS family LinuxOS X, UNIX Initial release September 23, 2008July 29, 2007 Programmed in C, C++, javaC, C++, Objective-C Source model Open sourceClosed, with open source components. Internet browsing Google Chrome (or Android Browser on older versions; other browsers are available) Mobile Safari (Other browsers are available) Interface Touch screen, SmartwatchTouch screen Messaging Google HangoutsiMessage Maps Google MapsApple Maps App store Google Play – 1,000,000+ Apps. Apple app store – 1,000,000+ Apps Market share 81% of smartphones12.9% of smartphones Available language(s) 32 Languages34 Languages Latest stable release Android 4.4 Kitkat (October, 2013) 7.1 (March 10, 2014)
Hozirgi kunda Android qurilmalarning jahon bozoridagi turlari Smartphones Tablets E-reader devices Netbooks MP4 players Internet TVs
The Android Developer Community Stack Overflow ( Google Android Training ( Android Discuss ( discuss)
Аdabiyotlar va internet resurslar Beginning Android TM 4 Application Development, by Wei-Meng Lee, printed at Radha Offset, Delhi in 2013, pages – 533. Chapter- 1. Getting started with Android programming Android TM Application Development Cookbook, by Wei-Meng Lee, printed at Sharda Offset Press, Delhi in 2013, pages – stems stems
Mobil operatsion tizimlar va ularning xususiyatlari. Dasturiy vositalarning rivojlanish tendentsiyalari
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