1. An'anaviy va loyihaviy o'qitish o'rtasidagi farqlar qanday?

5-topshiriq

Exercise 1

1. An'anaviy va loyihaviy o'qitish o'rtasidagi farqlar qanday?

2. Siz o'zingizning tajribangizda qandaydir loyiha asosidagi usullardan foydalanganmisiz?

3. Loyihaga asoslangan usullardan xabardormisiz?

4. Loyihaga asoslangan usullarning afzalliklari nimada?

5. Loyihaga asoslangan usullarning kamchiliklari nimada?
Loyihaga asoslangan ta'lim

Loyihaga asoslangan ta'lim - bu o'quvchiga yo'naltirilgan o'rganish usuli. U o'quvchilarga past darajadan tahlil qilish, sintez qilish va baholashni o'z ichiga olgan o'quvning yuqori darajasiga ko'tarilish uchun muammolar yoki loyihalardan foydalanadi. U o'quvchilarni o'qitish va bilimlarini baholash uchun loyihalardan foydalanadi. Bu mustaqil o'rganish turidir. Bu o'qituvchiga asoslangan o'quv usuli emas. Loyihaviy o'qitish talabalarga yo'naltirilgan so'rovlar va guruhli o'qishga qaratilgan. O'qituvchi o'qituvchi, maslahatchi va nazoratchi rolini o'ynaydi. Loyihalar uzunligi bir necha kundan bir necha haftagacha yoki hatto semestrda farq qiladi. Loyihaviy o'qitish barcha sinflar va fanlarda, shuningdek maktabdan keyingi va boshqa dasturlarda kasb / texnik ta'limda samarali bo'lishi mumkin. . Loyihaga asoslangan o'quv vazifalari quyidagilardan iborat: • talabalardan asl yoki haqiqiy mahsulotni yaratishni talab qilishlari; Talabalarni tanqidiy fikrlashga undash; • ommaga e'lon qilinadi va tengdoshlari, oila a'zolari va boshqalar bilan baham ko'riladi; • loyihani yakunlash orqali hamkorlikni rag'batlantirish; • o'quvchilarni loyiha davomida va tugaganidan keyin fikr yuritishga undash. Loyihalarga asoslangan ta'lim ko'p jihatdan 21-asrning malakali ishchi kadrlarini tayyorlashga yordam berishi mumkin. Loyihaviy ishlar orqali o'quvchilar o'zlashtiradilar:

1. Vaqtni boshqarish. Loyihani o'z vaqtida bajarish vaqtni to'g'ri boshqarish ko'nikmalarini talab qiladi. Shunday qilib, talabalar avval topshiriqni bajarish uchun zarur bo'lgan vaqtni hisoblab, keyin uni kichikroq, boshqariladigan bo'laklarga bo'lishlari kerak.

2. Tashkiliy ko'nikmalar. Ushbu ko'nikmalar hozirgi paytda zarur bo'lib qoldi va loyiha davomida ham rivojlantirilmoqda. Loyihani jismoniy va jismoniy tomondan tashkil etish juda muhimdir.

3. Hamkorlik ko'nikmalari. Guruh tadqiqotlari va loyihalarni amalga oshirish talabalar uchun katta tajriba bo'lib, bu ularga jamoaviy ishlashning muhimligini oldindan ko'rish imkonini beradi. Bu ularning kelajakdagi ofis ishlarida yoki hatto ish yuritishda juda qimmatli saboqdir.

4. Muammoni hal qilish ko'nikmalari. Loyihaviy o'qitish o'quvchilarni o'ylamasdan fikrlashga va muammolarni hal qilishning yangi g'ayrioddiy usullarini izlashga undaydi. Ularning roli faol bo'lishi kerak va uni to'xtatish mumkin emas. Insho yozish xizmatidan yordam so'rasangiz ham, o'rganilayotgan muammoga o'z nuqtai nazarini taqdim etish kerakligini hisobga olish kerak.

5. O'z-o'zini yo'naltirish. Loyihaviy ish paytida o'quvchilar nafaqat vaqtlarini boshqarish, balki tadqiqotning har bir bosqichida qaerga o'tishni tanlashlari kerak. Amalga oshirilgan har bir vazifada mahoratdan foydalangan holda, odamlar loyihaning har bir bosqichi va uni yakunlash uchun eng yaxshi harakat usulini topishni o'rganadilar. Loyihaviy o'qishning juda katta afzalliklari bilan bir qatorda talabalar uchun ta'limning bunday yondashuvini tanlashda e'tiborga olinmaydigan kamchiliklar ham mavjud.

1. Vaqtni sarflash. Samarali loyihaga asoslangan o'quv dizayni ko'p vaqtni talab qiladi, chunki loyihalar haqida materiallar va ma'lumotlarni to'plash uchun vaqt talab qilinishi mumkin.

2. Qiziqishning yo'qligi. Ba'zan, o'quvchilar o'zlarining loyihaviy mavzulariga qiziqmasliklarini his qilishlari mumkin, bu ularning fikrlarini loyihadan chalg'itishi mumkin.

3. Maxsus va mehnatsevar xodim kerak. Rostini aytganda, hamma o'qituvchilar mehnatkash va o'z talabalari uchun to'la bag'ishlangan bo'lishlari mumkin emas. Ammo, loyihaga asoslangan o'quv yondoshuvi haqiqatan ham o'z o'quvchilarining loyihalariga bag'ishlangan mehnatkash kadrlarga muhtoj.

4. Turli xil abled talabalar uchun noqulay. Loyihaga asoslangan yondashuv turli yoshdagi o'quvchilar uchun noqulay bo'lishi mumkin. Ba'zan ular o'z loyihalarini belgilangan vaqt ichida tugatishga unday olmaydilar.

Exercise 2

1. 
   1. Project-based learning is a teacher-centered method of learning. _False___
   
2. 
   2. Project based learning can be effective at all grade levels and subjects _False__
   
3. 
   3. Project based learning tasks should be made individually and rarely shared with peers, family, community members, and so on _True__
   
4. 
   4. During their project work the learners not only have to manage their time but also to decide where to move further at each stage of the research. _True___
   
5. 
   5. One of the benefits of project-based learning is that projects require a large amount of time. _False___
   
6. 
   6. In some cases, students may feel lack of interest in their project subject which might distract their mind from the project. _True___
   

Exercise 3

1. 
   Project-based learning is a learner-centered method of learning. It uses problems or projects to help learners to rise from the low levels of learning to the high standard of learning which include analysis, synthesis and evaluation. It uses projects to facilitate learning and assess students' competence.
   
2. 
   It is a kind of independent learning. It is not a teacher-based learning method. Project based learning focuses on student-centered inquiry and group learning. The teacher plays the role of a facilitator, adviser and checker. Projects vary in length, from several days to several weeks or even a semester.
   
3. 
   Project based learning can be effective at all grade levels and subjects, and in career/technical education, after school and alternative programs. . Project based learning tasks should: • require students to create an original or authentic product; • encourage students to think critically; • be made public and shared with peers, family, community members, and so on; • encourage collaboration through completion of the project; • encourage students to reflect during and after completion of the project.
   
4. 
   1. Time Management. Delivering the project on time requires proper time managing skills. So students should first estimate the time required for the fulfillment of the task and then divide it into smaller, more manageable lumps.
   

2. Organizational Skills. These skills have already become a must at present and are developed during the project work as well. It’s important to organize the project mentally as well as physically.

3. Collaboration Skills. Group research and projects fulfillment is a great experience for students, which allows them to see the importance of teamwork firsthand. This is a precious lesson for their future office work or even running business.

4. Problem-Solving Skills. Project-based learning stimulates the students to think out of the box and look for the new unusual ways of problem solving. Their role should be active and it’s impossible to idle by. Even if seeking for the help of an essay writing service, one should take into consideration that he should provide his point of view on the problem under study.

5. Self-Direction. During their project work the learners not only have to manage their time but also to decide where to move further at each stage of the research. Practicing the skill in every task accomplished, the individuals learn to find the best possible way of action for each stage of the project and for its overall completion. With such a great benefits of project-based learning, it also has some disadvantages that cannot be ignored while choosing this approach of education for students.

1. It’s Time Consuming. An effective project-based learning design requires a large amount of time as it may take time to collect materials and information about the projects.

2. Lack of Interest. Sometimes it may happen that students feel lack of interest in their project subject which might distract their mind from the project.

3. Needs a Dedicated & Hardworking Staff. To be honest, not all teachers can be hardworking and completely dedicated for their students. But, the project based learning approach really needs hardworking staff dedicated to the projects of their students.

4. Uncomfortable for Differently Abled Students. The project based learning approach might be uncomfortable for different abled students. They sometimes may not feel encouraged to finish their projects in the given period of time.