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Bethmann, Simon Moritz von: Born 1768. Head of the Frankfort banking firm. Ennobled by Emperor Francis. Appointed consul- general and counselor by the Tsar. A patron of science and the arts. On his march through Frankfort, Napoleon I stopped at the Villa Bethmann in 1813. Died 1826. Buderus von Carlshausen, Carl Friedrick: Born 1759. Son of a schoolmaster. Became principal revenue officer of Hesse and soon afterwards administrator oi William of Hesse's estates, and his financial adviser. Later he became president of the Hessian Treas- ury at Hanau, minister plenipotentiary and envoy extraordinary to the German Diet at Frankfort, and to the grand-ducal court at Darmstadt, as well as electoral privy councilor. Died 1819. Dalberg, Karl Theodor, Baron von: Born 1744. Last Elector of Mainz, and electoral high chancellor. In 1806 he was the presid- ing prince of the Confederation oi the Rhine, bis residence being at Frankfort. In 1810 made Grand Duke of Frankfort. The fall of Napoleon brought about the end of bis rule. Died at Regens- berg, 1817. Gentz Friedrich von: Born 1764 in Breslau. Was first in the Prus- sian, and later in the Austrian service. Was a publicist and secre- tary to Metternich. Was councilor in the chancellor's office, and became his most trusted adviser. Died at Vienna, 1832. Hardenberg, Karl August, Prince von: Born 1750. Prussian states- man. Minister of Foreign A f f a i r s , 1803, 1806 and during part of 1807. Appointed chancellor and head of the government after Stein's retirement in 1810. Died at Genoa, 1822. Herries, John Charles: Born 1778. Private secretary to Vansittart, Chancellor of the Exchequer. Commissary-in-chief for financing the British and Allied forces on the Continent from Oct. 1, 1811, to Oct. 24, 1816. Appointed chancellor of the exchequer in 1827, but had to retire shortly afterwards. Louis Philippe of Orleans, King of France: Born 1773. Joined the National Guard on the outbreak of the revolution, and served in the Republican army until 1793. After his father's execution he emigrated to Switzerland, and during the Napoleonic period he lived in America, England, Sicily, and Spain, not returning to France until the restoration of the elder line of the Bourbons. Having been placed on the throne after the July Revolution of 425
426
The Rise of the House of Rothschild 1830, he ruled until the February Revolution of 1848, and then went to England, where he died in 1850. Marie Louise: Born 1791. Eldest daughter of Emperor Francis, Married Napoleon 1810, and bore him a son I '8 II ,
the King of Rome, afterwards Duke of Reichstadt. Left her husband on his abdication. Assumed
the government of Parma,
Piacenza, and
Guastalla in 1816. After Napoleon's death, in 1822 married Count Neipperg morganatically, and after his death, Count Bombelles. Died 1847 at Vienna. Marmont, Auguste Frederic de, Duke of Ragusa, Marshal of France: Born 1774. Regarded as an exceptionally fine general by Napo- leon. Appointed administrator of the Illyrian Provinces. One of the first to desert Napoleon in 1814 and submit to the Bourbons. Commanded the household troops of
King Louis
XVIII and
Charles X, but failed to suppress the revolution in 1830. Left Paris and accompanied Charles X abroad. Died at Venice, 1852. Metternick, Clemens
Lothar, Prince
von: Born
1773. Married
Princess Marie Eleonore Kaunitz in 1795. In Austrian diplomatic service until 1809. Appointed minister of foreign affairs October 8, 1809. Chancellor and secretary of state 1821. Appointed president of ministerial conference for internal affairs 1826. Fled from Austria on account of the revolution in 1848. Did not return to Vienna until 1851. Died there 1859. Metternich's second wife was Baroness von Leykam. Third wife (1831) Melanie, Countess Zichy-Ferraris. Neipperg, Adam Adalbert, Count von: Born 1775. General in the Austrian service. Concluded an alliance with Murat at Naples in 1814. Intervened again in the military affairs of that town in 1815. Became majordomo to Marie Louise in Parma, and her morganatic husband in 1822. Died Feb. 22, 1829 at Parma. Parish, David, Baron von Senftenberg: Son of a Hamburg banker. Set up on his own, and later became a partner of the Vienna banking firm Fries and Co., in whose fall he was involved. Com- mitted suicide at Vienna in April, 1826. Rother,
Christian von:
Born 1778.
Prussian Treasury official. Principal accountant to
Hardenberg, who
entrusted him
with most important business. Director of the merchant service 1819. Reorganized the
financial department 1820. Minister of state
1836. Died 1849. Rothschild, Meyer Amschel: Born at Frankfort-on-the-Main 1743. Founder of the firm. Married Gutli Schnapper on Aug. 29, 1770. Died at Frankfort 1812. Rothschild, Amschel Meyer: Eldest son of the above. Born June 12, 1773.
Married Eva Hanau Nov. 16, 1796. Head of the Frank- fort Bank. Died Dec. 6, 1855. Rothschild, Salomon Meyer: Eldest son of the above. Born Sept. 9, 1774.
Married Caroline Stern Nov. 26, 1800. Head of the Vienna Bank. Died July 27, 1855. Biographical Notes
427 Rothschild, Nathan Meyer:
Brother of
the above.
Born Sept.
16, 1777.
Married Oct.
22, 1806,
Hannah Barent
Cohen. Head
of the London Bank. Died July 28, 1836.
Rothschild, Carl Meyer: Brother of the above. Born Apr. 24, 1788. Married Adelheid Hertz Sept.
16, 1818.
Head of
the Naples
Bank. Died Mar. 10, 1855.
Rothschild, James Meyer: Brother of the above. Born May 15, 1792. Married daughter of Salomon
Rothschild on
July 11,
1824. Head
of the Paris Bank. Died Nov. 15, 1868.
Stadion, Johann Philipp, Count von:
Born 1763.
Entered Austrian diplomatic service. Minister of
foreign affairs
1805-1809. After
1812, sometimes employed diplomatically and was
appointed pres-
ident of
the treasury and finance
minister. Died
at Baden,
near Vienna, 1824.
Villele, Joseph, Count:
Born 1773.
French statesman. Member of
the Chamber
from 1815,
and leader
of the
royalist ultras.
Finance minister 1821. Prime minister 1822 to 1828. Died 1854.
Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, Duke of,
Prime of
Waterloo: Born
1769. Fought
in East
Indies and
Denmark. Commanded British Expedition to Portugal 1808. Commander-in-chief against the
French in Spain and Portugal until Napoleon's fall in 1814. Won the battle of Waterloo June 18, 181 S. Took part in politics and represented England
at Aix-la-Chapelle in 1818,
and at
the Con-
gress of Verona in 1822. Commander-in-chief of the British forces on
land in
1827. Member
of the
House of
Lords. Tory.
Prime minister 1828. After
the July
Revolution resigned, on William
IV coming
to the
throne in
November, 1830.
Secretary of
state for foreign affairs 1834-1835, under Peel. Died 1852 at Dover.
Wilhelm
von Hesse:
Born 1713.
Ruled as
Landgrave Wilhelm
IX from 1785-1803, then as Elector Wilhelm I. Died at Cassel, 1821.
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