Demography of Aging Chapter 2 Demography


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Demography of Aging

  • Chapter 2


Demography

  • The statistical study

  • of

  • human populations

  • especially with reference to:

  • Size

  • &

  • Density distribution

  • Vital statistics (epidemiology: births, deaths, diseases)





Probability of 50 year old living to 90, 1900 to 2002



















Centenarians:

  • USA 1990: Harvard University started New England Centenarian Study (JAMA 288:18 p. 2247, 2002).

  • Data from this study refute the idea that aging represents an inexorable march…characterized by a steady decline.

  • Rather, centenarians are generally in very good health.

  • They are either:

  • Escapers “People who have escaped any disease”

  • Late onset of disease, 85+

  • Early onset of disease which was overcome

  • JAPAN 2004: Reports identify

  • SSC (Semi-Super Centenarians), age 105+ years.

  • SC (Super Centenarians), 110+ years

  • In both groups, alterations in the gene coding for I / IGF-1 receptor









Probable causes for longevity in favor of women:

  • Genetic (XX vs. XY) or Environmental (geography, country, income)

  • Other causes:

  • Lesser life stress in females

  • Less smoking

  • Protective action of estrogens?

  • Lesser accumulation of mDNA deletions/mutations with better protection against oxidative damage

  • Others?

  • Implication for prevention and treatment



Older women whose parents survived past age 90 are generally healthier than women whose parents did not survive as long. These women …





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