Elementlarning guruhlari a I b
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Yangi davriy sistema 1
DAVR
Q A TO R
A I B Ishqaoriy metallar A II B Ishqoriy-yer metallar A III B Bor gruppachasi A IV B Karbogenlar A V B Nitrogenlar A VI B Halkogenlar A VII B Galogenlar A VIII B Inert gazlar yoki nodir gazlar I 1 (1) (2.1) 1.008 -252,9 o C -255,3 o C 0,089 (+1, -1) 1s 1 I 1 Vodorod (Kаvеndish 1766) (2) (__) 4,003 -268,9 o C -271,2 o C 0,179 (__) 1s 2 II 2 Gelliy (Lorek,Jansen 1868) II 2 [3] (1) 6,9412 1340 o C 180,5 o C 0,534 (+1) 1s 2 2s 1 I 1,2 Litiy (Аrfеdsоn 1817) [4]A (1,57) 9,012 2471 o C 1287 o C 1,82 (+2) 1s 2 2s 2 II 2,2 Berelliy (Vоklеn 1798) (5) 10,81 3658 o C (2,04) 2074 o C 2,34 (+3) 2s 2 2p 1 III 3,2 Bor (Gеy-Lyussаk,Tenar,Devi1808 ) (6) 12,01 4827 o C (2,55) 3825 o C 2,62 (-4…+4) 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2 II,IV 4,2 Uglerod (Qad ma’lum) (7) 14,0067 -196 o C (3,04) -210 o C 1,25 (-3...+5) 2s 2 2p 3 I,II,III,IV 5,2 Azot (Rеzеrfоrd 1772) (8) 15,9994 -183 o C (3,5) -218,2 o C 1,429 (±1,±2) 2s 2 2p 4 I,II,III,IV 6,2 Kislorod (SHееlе 1771) (9) 18,998 -188,2 o C (4,1) -219,6 o C 1,696 (-1) 2s 2 2p 5 I 7,2 Ftor (Sheele,Muаssаn 1886) (10) 20,179 -246 o C (___) -248,6 o C 0,8999 (___) 2s 2 2p 6 II,VIII 8,2 Neon (RamzayTravers1898) III 3 [11] (0,93) 22,99 883,1 o C 97,8 o C 0,97 (+1) (Ne)3s 1 I 1,8,2 Natriy (Devi 1807) [12] (1,31) 24,305 1090 o C 648,8 o C 1,74 (+2) (Ne)3s 2 II 2,8,2 Magniy (Blek 1755) [13]A 26,98 2452 o C (1,61) 660 o C 2,7 (+3) 3s 2 3p 1 III 3,8,2 Alyuminiy (Erstеd 1825) (14) 28,086 3249 o C (1,9) 1415 o C 2,33 (±4, ±2) 3s 2 3p 2 II,IV 4,8,2 Kremniy (Berselius 1824) (15) 30,97 287 o C (2,19) 44,14 o C 1,82 (-3...+5) 3s 2 3p 3 I,II,III,IV 5,8,2 Fosfor (Brand 1669) (16) 32,06 444,8 o C (2,58) 115,2 o C 2,07 (±2,+4,+6) 3s 2 3p 4 II,IV,VI 6,8,2 Oltingugurt (Qad ma) (17) 35,453 -34 o C (3,01) -101 o C 3,17 (±1+3+5+7) 3s 2 3p 5 I,III,V,VII 7,8,2 Xlor (Sheeele 1774) (18) 39,948 -185,8 o C (___) -189,4 o C 1,784 (___) 3s 2 3p 6 II,VIII 8,8,2 Argon( Ramzay,Relee1894) IV 4 [19] (0,92) 39,09 761 o C 63,5 o C 0,863 (+1) (Ar)4s 1 I 1,8,8,2 Kaliy (Devi 1807) [20] (1) 40,08 1495 o C 842 o C 1,54 (+2) (Ar)4s 2 II 2,8,8,2 Kalsiy (Devi 1808) [21] (1,36) 44,956 2837 o C 1541 o C 3,0 (+3) 4s 2 3d 1 II,III 2,9,8,2 Skandiy (Nilson 1879 ) [22] (1,54) 47,9 3260 o C 1671 o C 4,51 (+4+3) 4s 2 3d 2 II,III,IV 2,10,8,2 Titan (Gregor 1771) [23] (1,63) 50,94 3400 o C 1920 o C 4,11 (+2...+5) 4s 2 3d 3 II,III,IV,V 2,11,8,2 Vannadiy (Del Rio 1801) [24]E (1,66) 51,996 2680 o C 1890 o C 7,19 (+2+3+4+6) 4s 1 3d 5 II,III,IV,VII 1,13,8,2 Xrom (Vokelen 1797) [25] (1,55) 54,938 2080 o C 1245 o C 7,44 (+2...+4+6+7) 4s 2 3d 5 II-IV,VI,VII 2,13,8,2 Marganes (Sheele,Gan 1774) [26] (1,83) 55,8 2750 o C 1535 o C 7,86 (+2+3) 4s 2 3d 6 II,III,VIII 2,14,8,2 Temir (Qad ma’lum) [27] (1,88) 58,933 2960 o C 1495 o C 8,9 (+2+3) 4s 2 3d 7 II,III,VIII 2,15,8,2 Kobalt (Brand 1735) [28] (191) 58,7 2900 o C 1455 o C 8,9 (+2+3) 4s 2 3d 8 II,III,VIII 2,16,8,2 Nikel (Kronishtedt 1751) 5 [29]E (1,9) 63,546 2567 o C 1083 o C 8,92 (+1+2) 4s 1 3d 10 I,II,III 1,18,8,2 Mis (Qad ma’lum) [30]A (1,65) 65,38 906,2 o C 419,5 o C 7,14 (+2) 4s 2 3d 10 II 2,18,8,2 Ruh (Qad ma’lum) [32] 69,72 2205 o C (1,81) 29,8 o C 5,91 (+3) 4s 2 3d 10 4p 1 III 3,18,8,2 Galliy (Lekok de Bau-Bodran1875) [33] 72,61 2850 o C (2,01) 938,4 o C 5,32 (+4) 4s 2 3d 10 4p 2 IV 4,18,8,2 Germaniy (Vinkler 1881) (33) 74,92 817 o C (2,18) 614 o C 5,74 (-3...+5) 4s 2 3d 10 4p 3 III,V 5,18,8,2 Mishyak (Lavuaze 1789) (34) 78,96 685 o C (2,55) 221 o C 4,81 (±2+4+6) 3d 10 4p 4 II,IV,VI 6,18,8,2 Selen (Berselius,Gan 1817) (35) 79,904 59,2 o C (2,86) -7,25 o C 3,12 (±1+3+5+7) 3d 10 4p 5 I,III,V,VII 7,18,8,2 Brom (Balar, Levig 1826) (36) 83,8 -153,2 o C (___) -189,4 o C 3,745 (___) 4s 2 3d 10 4p 6 II,VIII 8,18,8,2 Kripton (Ramzey-Trevers 1898) V 6 [37] (0,82) 85,47 696 o C 39,3 o C 1,53 (+1) (Kr)5s 1 I 1,8,18,8,2 Rubidiy ( Bunzen,Krixgof 1861) [38] (0,95) 87,62 1390 o C 768 o C 2,63 (+2) (Kr)5s 2 II 2,8,18,8,2 Stronsiy (Devi 1808) [39] (1,22) 88,91 3320 o C 1528 o C 4,47 (+3) 5s 2 4d 1 III 2,9,18,8,2 Ittriy (Gadolin 1794) [40] (1,33) 91,22 4350 o C 1852 o C 6,45 (+4) 5s 2 4d 2 IV 2,10,18,8,2 Sirkoniy (Klaprot 1798) [41]E (1,6) 92,91 4760 o C 2477 o C 6,45 (+2...+5) 5s 1 4d 4 II-V 2,11,18,8,2 Niobiy (Xatchet 1801) [42]E (1,8) 92,91 4800 o C 2673 o C 10,2 (+2...+6) 5s 1 4d 5 II-VI 2,12,18,8,2 Molibden (Sheele 1778) [43] (1,9) 92,91 4600 o C 2200 o C 11,5 (+7) 5s 2 4d 5 VII 2,13,18,8,2 Texnitsiy (Pere,Segra1937) [44]E (1,9) 92,91 4077 o C 2334 o C 12,45 (+2...+4+6+8) 5s 2 4d 5 II-VI,VIII 2,14,18,8,2 Rutediy (Snyadeskiy 1808) [45] (2,28) 102,91 3327 o C 1965 o C 12,4 (+2+3+4) 5s 1 4d 8 II,III,IV 1,16,18,8,2 Rodiy (Vallaston 1808) [46]E (2,2) 106,4 2940 o C 1554 o C 12,02 (+2+4) 5s 0 4d 10 II,IV 0,18,18,8,2 Palladiy (Vallaston 1803) 7 [47]E (1,9) 107,868 2167 o C 961,9 o C 10,5 (+1+2+3) 5s 1 4d 10 I,II,III 1,18,18,8,2 Kumush (Qad ma’lum) [48] (1,69) 112,411 766,5 o C 321,1 o C 8,65 (+2) 5s 2 3d 10 II 2,18,18,8,2 Kadmiy (Shtromeyer --) [49] 114,82 2024 o C (1,78) 156,8 o C 7,31 (+3) 5s 2 4d 10 5p 1 III 3,18,18,8,2 Indiy (Rayx,Rixter 1875) [50]A 118,69 2602 o C (1,96) 231,9 o C 7,38 (+2+4) 5s 2 4d 10 5p 2 IV 4,18,18,8,2 Qalay (Qad ma’lum) [51] 121,74 1634 o C (2,18) 630,5 o C 5,74 (-3+5) 5s 2 4d 10 5p 3 III,V 5,18,18,8,2 Surma (Qad ma’lum) (52) 127,6 949,9 o C (2,1) 449,8 o C 4,81 (±2+4+6) 4d 10 5p 4 II,IV,VI 6,18,18,8,2 Tellur (Qad ma’lum) (53) 126,9 184 o C (2,86) 113,5 o C 3,12 (±1+3+5+7) 4d 10 5p 5 I,III,V,VII 7,18,18,8,2 Yod (Kurtua 1811) (54) 131,3 -108,1 o C (___) -111,5 o C 4,94 (___) 4d 10 5p 6 VIII 8,18,18,8,2 Ksenon (Ramzey-Trevers 1898) VI 8 [55] (0,79) 132,9 705 o C 28,44 o C 1,9 (+1) (Kr)6s 1 I 1,8,18,18,8,2 Seziy ( Bunzen,Krixgof 1806) [56] (0,89) 137,34 1637 o C 727 o C 3,78 (+2) (Kr)6s 2 II 2,8,18,18,8,2 Bariy (Sheele 1774) [57] (1,1) 138,9 3447 o C 920 o C 6,17 (+3) 6s 2 5d 1 III 2,9,18,18,8,2 Lantan (Mosander 1839) [72] (1,3) 178,49 5400 o C 2230 o C 13,4 (+4) 6s 2 5d 2 IV 2,10,32,18,8,2 Gafniy (X.Koster 1923) [73] (1,5) 180,948 5425 o C 3014 o C 16,6 (+5) 6s 2 5d 3 V 2,11,32,18,8,2 Tantal (Eksberg 1801) [74] (1,7) 183,85 5950 o C 3380 o C 19,3 (+2+3+4+5+6) 6s 2 5d 4 II-VI 2,12,32,18,8,2 Volfram (Sheele 1751) [75] (1,9) 186,2 5600 o C 3180 o C 11,5 (+7) 6s 2 5d 5 VII 2,13,32,18,8,2 Reuly (Noddak 1925) [76] (2,2) 190,2 5027 o C 3027 o C 22,61 (+2...+4+6+8) 6s 2 5d 5 II-VI,VIII 2,14,32,18,8,2 Osmiy (Tennat 1804) [77] (2,2) 190,22 4380 o C 2447 o C 22,65 (+2+3+4+6) 6s 2 5d 7 II,III,IV,VI 2,15,32,18,8,2 Iridiy (Tennat 1804) [78]E (2,28) 195,09 3800 o C 1769 o C 21,45 (+2+4) 5s 1 4d 9 II,IV 1,17,32,18,8,2 Platina (Qad ma’l) 9 [79]E (2,11) 107,868 2880 o C 1064 o C 19,3 (+1+3) 6s 1 5d 10 I,III 1,18,32,18,8,2 Oltin (Qad ma’lum) [80] (2,0) 200,59 357 o C -38,9 o C 8,65 (+1+2) 6s 2 5d 10 I,II 2,18,32,18,8,2 Simob (Qad ma’lum) [81] 209,37 1475 o C (1,81) 303 o C 11,85 (+1+3) 5d 10 6p 1 I,III 3,18,32,18,8,2 Talliy (Kruks1875) [82]A 207,2 1751 o C (2,05) 327,4 o C 11,34 (+2+4) 5d 10 6p 2 II,IV 4,18,32,18,8,2 Qo’rg’oshin (Qad ma’l) [83] 208,98 1560 o C (2,06) 271,3 o C 9,8 (-3+5) 5d 10 6p 3 III,V 5,18,32,18,8,2 Vismut (Qad ma’lum) [84] [209] 949 o C (2,08) 254 o C 9,14 (±2+4+6) 5d 10 6p 4 II,IV,VI 6,18,32,18,8,2 Poloniy (Pyer,M.Kyure 1848) (85) [210] 309 o C (2,2) 244 o C ---- (±1+3+5+7) 5d 10 6p 5 I,III,V,VII 7,18,32,18,8,2 Astat (Korson 1940) (86) [222] -61,8 o C (___) -71 o C 9,8 (___) 5d 10 6p 6 VIII 8,18,32,18,8,2 Radon (Dorn 1900 ) VII 10 [87] (0,7) [223] 677 o C 27 o C 2,35 (+1) (Kr)7s 1 I 1,8,18,32,18,8,2 Fransiy ( M.Perey 1939) [88] (0,9) [226] 1507 o C 969 o C 5,55 (+2) (Kr)7s 2 II 2,8,18,32,18,8,2 Radiy (Pyer,M.Kyure 1808) [89] (1,1) [227] 3300 o C 1050 o C 10,07 (+3) 7s 2 6d 1 III 2,9,18,32,18,8,2 Aktiniy (Debereyner 1899) [104] (___) [261] 5500 o C 2100 o C ____ (+4) 7s 2 6d 2 IV 2,10,32,32,18,8,2 Rezerfordiy (Flerov 1964) [105] (___) [262] ____ o C ____ o C 21,6 (+5) 7s 2 6d 3 II-V 2,11,32,32,18,8,2 Dubniy (Flerov 1970) [106] (___) [263] ____ o C ____ o C ____ (+2+6) 7s 2 6d 4 II,VI 2,12,32,32,18,8,2 Siborgiy (Aganaesyan1974) [107] (___) [262] ____ o C ____ o C ____ (+5+7) 7s 2 6d 5 V,VII 2,13,32,32,18,8,2 Boriy (Aganaesyan 1976) [108] (__) [265] ____ o C ____ o C 20,7 (+2+3) 7s 2 6d 6 II,III 2,14,32,32,18,8,2 Hassiy (---- 1484) [109] (___) [266] ____ o C ____ o C ____ (+2) 7s 2 6d 7 II 2,15,32,32,18,8,2 Meytnery (---- 1982) [110] (___) [269] ____ o C ____ o C ____ (+2) 7s 2 6d 8 II 2,16,32,32,18,8,2 Darmshtadiy (----1994) 11 [111]E (___) [272] ____ o C ____ o C ___ (+1+3) 7s 1 6d 10 I,III 1,18,32,32,18,8,2 Rentgeniy (Darmshtadt 1994) [112] (___) [285] ____ o C ____ o C ___ (+2) 7s 2 6d 10 II 2,18,32,32,18,8,2 Kopernitsiy (Darmshtadt 1994) [113] [284] 1130 o C (___) 430 o C 16 (+3) 6d 10 7p 1 III 3,18,32,32,18,8,2 Nihoniy (--- 2004) [114] [289] 147 o C (___) 67 o C 14 (+2+4) 6d 10 7p 2 II,IV 4,18,32,32,18,8,2 Fleroviy (Flerov 1998) [115] [288] 1100 o C (___) 400 o C 14 (+3+5) 6d 10 7p 3 III,V 5,18,32,32,18,8,2 Moskoviy (Lanjavena1998) [116] [292] 862 o C (___) 507 o C 14 (+2+4) 6d 10 7p 4 II,IV 6,18,32,32,18,8,2 Livermory (Livermory 2000) [117] [295] 862 o C (___) 507 o C 7,3 (+1+3+5) 6d 10 7p 5 II,IV 7,18,32,32,18,8,2 Tennesin (--- 2010) (118) [294] -61,8 o C (___) -71 o C 13,65 (-1...+8) 6d 10 7p 6 ... 8,18,32,32,18,8,2 Oganesson (--- 2006 ) Eng yuqori oksidi va barqaror gidridi E 2 O EH EO EH 2 E 2 O 3 EH 4 EO 2 EH 4 E 2 O 5 EH 3 EO 3 H 2 E E 2 O 7 HE EO 4
Li,K,Cs,Rb,Ba,Sr,Ca,Na,Mg,H 2 ,Be,Al,Ti,Mn,Zn,Cr,Ga,Fe +2 ,H + ,Sb,Bi,Cu,Ag,Hg,Pd,Pt,Au ←←←←←←←←← Metallarning elektrokimyoviy kuchlanishlar qatori (N.N.Beketov) ←←←←←←←←← - ”s” elementlar - ”p” elementlar - ”d” elementlar - ”f” elementlar Orbitallarning elektron bilan to’lish tartibi 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d 7p Lantanoidlar [58] (1,12) 140,12 3465 o C 6,77 804 o C (+3+4) 6s 2 3d 1 4f 1 2,9,19,18,8,2 Seriy (Kisenger 1803) [59] (1,13) 140,91 3512 o C 6,78 935 o C (+3+4) 6s 2 3d 1 4f 2 2,9,20,18,8,2 Pozeodim (Velsbax 1885) [60] (1,14) 144,24 3027 o C 6,91 1016 o C (+3) 6s 2 3d 1 4f 3 2,9,21,18,8,2 Neodim (Velsbax 1925) [61] (1,13) [145] 3000 o C 7,26 1070 o C (+3) 6s 2 5d 1 4f 4 2,9,22,18,8,2 Prometiy (Meriniski 1945) [62] (1,17) 150,4 1788 o C 7,54 1072 o C (+2+3) 6s 2 5d 1 4f 5 2,9,23,18,8,2 Samariy (Baubadran 1879) [63] (1,2) 151,96 1559 o C 5,259 826 o C (+2+3) 6s 2 5d 1 4f 6 2,9,24,18,8,2 Evropiy (Demarse 1901) [64] (1,2) 157,25 3280 o C 7,895 1312 o C (+3+4) 6s 2 5d 1 4f 7 2,9,25,18,8,2 Gadaliniy (Mariya 1880) [65] (1,2) 158,92 3277 o C 8,27 1357 o C (+3+4) 6s 2 5d 1 4f 8 2,9,26,18,8,2 Terbiy (Mozander 1843) [66] (1,22) 162,5 2587 o C 8,56 1409 o C (+3) 6s 2 5d 1 4f 9 2,9,27,18,8,2 Disproziy (Baubadran 1886) [67] (1,23) 164,93 2707 o C 8,82 1470 o C (+3) 6s 2 5d 1 4f 10 2,9,28,18,8,2 Golmiy (Soret 1878) [68] (1,24) 167,26 1810 o C 8,06 1522 o C (+3) 6s 2 5d 1 4f 11 2,9,29,18,8,2 Erbiy (Mozander 1843) [69] (1,25) 168,9 1747 o C 8,9 1545 o C (+2+3) 6s 2 5d 1 4f 12 2,9,30,18,8,2 Tulliy (Kleve 1879) [70] (1,1) 173,04 1211 o C 7,02 824 o C (+2+3) 6s 2 5d 1 4f 13 2,9,31,18,8,2 Itterbiy (Mariya 1878) [71] (1,27) 174,94 3410 o C 9,85 1660 o C (+2+3) 6s 2 5d 1 4f 14 2,9,32,18,8,2 Lyutensiy (Urbein 1907) Aktanoidlar [90] (1,3) 232,04 4200 o C 11,72 1750 o C (+4) 7s 2 6d 1 5f 1 2,9,19,32,18,8,2 Toriy (Berselius 1828) [91] (1,5) 231,04 4487 o C 15,37 1572 o C (+4+5) 7s 2 6d 1 5f 2 2,9,20,32,18,8,2 Protaktiniy (Soddir 1917) [92] (1,38) 238,03 4200 o C 19,12 1135 o C (+3...+6) 7s 2 6d 1 5f 3 2,9,21,32,18,8,2 Uran (Klapret 1789) [93] (1,36) 237,05 4082 o C 20,45 639 o C (+3...+6) 7s 2 6d 1 5f 4 2,9,22,32,18,8,2 Neptuniy (Makmilan 1940) [94] (1,28) [244] 3352 o C 19,86 640 o C (+3...+6) 7s 2 6d 1 5f 5 2,9,23,32,18,8,2 Plutoniy (Siborg 1940) [95] (1,3) [243] 2607 o C 13,67 1173 o C(+3...+6) 7s 2 6d 1 5f 6 2,9,24,32,18,8,2 Ameritsiy (Siborg 1945) [96] (1,3) [247] 3110 o C 13,51 1358 o C (+2+3) 7s 2 6d 1 5f 7 2,9,25,32,18,8,2 Kyuriy (Siborg 1944) [97] (1,3) [247] 2630 o C 14,78 1050 o C (+3+4) 7s 2 6d 1 5f 8 2,9,26,32,18,8,2 Berliy (Siborg 1949) [98] (1,3) [247] 1227 o C 15,1 900 o C (+3+4) 7s 2 6d 1 5f 9 2,9,27,32,18,8,2 Kaliforniy (Siborg 1950) [99] (1,3) [252] ____ o C ___ 860 o C (+2+3) 7s 2 6d 1 5f 10 2,9,28,32,18,8,2 Enishteyniy (Giorso 1952) [100] (1,3) [257] ____ o C ___ 827 o C (+2+3) 7s 2 6d 1 5f 11 2,9,29,32,18,8,2 Fermiy (Giorso 1953) [101] (1,3) [258] ____ o C ___ 827 o C (+1...+3) 7s 2 6d 1 45f 12 2,9,30,32,18,8,2 Mendeleyeviy (Siborg 1955) [102] (1,3) [259] ____ o C ___ 827 o C (+3) 7s 2 6d 1 5f 13 2,9,31,32,18,8,2 Nobeliy (Flyorova 1958) [103] (1,3) [260] ____ o C ___ ____ o C (+3) 7s 2 6d 1 5f 14 2,9,32,32,18,8,2 Louretsiy (Glorso 1961) Abduyusupov Ro’zimurod Omad sizga yor bo’lsin + 998915077395, +998994724857 Download 434.09 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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