Individual learning differences
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- INDIVIDUAL LEARNER DIFFERENCES
- LEARNING STYLES LEARNING STYLES
- Gender differences Gender differences
- Motivation= Effort=Desire to achieve a goal + attitudes
- AMTB (Gardner,1985)
- Survey of adult international students in a communicative ESL program
- Two large-scale studies Two large-scale studies
- Thank you
INDIVIDUALINDIVIDUALLEARNING DIFFERENCESGroup: U2 PLAN: 01 Introduction to individual differences in SLL 02 Information Bank 04 Activity Humans differ from each other due to many biological or conditioned factors (affected by nature) or unconscious forces (affected by past experiences). The many ways in which one learns about these differences are usually similar, through introspection and interaction with other people, or by reading books and watching television or cinema. However, in order to conduct research in individual differences, it is necessary to have rigorous instruments, and a scientific way of providing reliable and valid. The differences that one can explore are:. INDIVIDUAL LEARNER DIFFERENCESINDIVIDUAL LEARNER DIFFERENCES01 03 02 04 AGE GENDER MOTIVATION APTITUDE LEARNING STRATEGIES LEARNING STYLES LEARNER BELIEFS PERSONALITY 06 05 07 08 Intelligence IQ Related to: - Reading - Grammar -Vocabulary Unrelated to: - Oral production French immersion programs in Canada Fred Genesee (1976) LEARNING STYLESLEARNING STYLESVISUAL
AUDITORY
KINESTHETIC
READING/WRITING
AgeAgeWhen L2 learning should start?Critical Period Hypothesis Pre-puberty learnersPre-puberty learnersPost-puberty learnersPost-puberty learners60% 20% 10% Gender differencesGender differencesIs there a difference between male and female language learning?You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing. Attention paid Boys slightly better at math and girls slightly better at reading and literature. Academic and cognitive differences in gender Boys are more likely to speak up during a class discussion . Social differences Physically, boys tend to be more active than girls and are more prone than girls to rely on aggression. Physical differences Teachers sometimes distribute praise and criticism differently to boys and girls. Disturbuting praise and criticism Expressive nurturing is expected more often of girls and women, and a businesslike task orientation is expected more often of boys. Public talk versus private talk Motivation= Effort=Desire to achieve a goal + attitudesMotivationMotivationRobert Gardner and Wallace Lambert (1972)Integrative motivation Instrumental motivation “ I need English for my future career” “I want to learn English because it will be useful in getting a job”. “ I learnt English because it was an entry requirement for university” “I would like live in the country where it is spoken”. “I want to seek out more opportunities to interact with native speakers” “ I want to participate actively in the debates of native speakers” AMTB (Gardner,1985)AMTB (Gardner,1985)Attitudes and Motivation Test BatteryIt is also called Gardner’s test Battery. It was created in order to access motivation towards second language Learning strategies Metacognitive Affective Social Cognitive Memory Compensatory Survey of adult international students in a communicative ESL programSurvey of adult international students in a communicative ESL programCARLOS YORIO (1986)77%
Two large-scale studiesTwo large-scale studiesRenate Schulz (2001)34% 98% 87% 55% Students Add Text Teachers Students Teachers Students desired to have their errors corrected Teachers did as students expected Students believed “formal acquisition of the language is significant for mastery of the study” PERSONALITY Extroversion & introversion Self-esteem Inhibition Risk taking Anxiety Thank youThank youFor your attentionDownload 3.95 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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