Language typology and word order
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Comparative typological analysis of English and Uzbek consonant phonemes
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- Examples
- (Nouns marked for case + Verbs marked for tense)
- [present continuous]
- We [subject] you [object] + in [acc.] believe [verb, present simple]
- Bibliography
Comparative typological analysis of English and Uzbek consonant phonemesComparative typology is a branch of linguistics comparing languages in order to establish their similarities and differences. Its object is not singular and individual cases of similarity and difference but those which are common for large groups of language elements. Comparative typology classifies languages according to their structure. Although languages may differ in their material (i.e. have no words of the same root, or common morphemes) their structure (i.e. relations between the elements, functions of the elements) may be similar.
ExamplesUzbek U xonani tozalayotgan edi (Verb-final language)He/she [subject] the room-[Object]+[Acc] tidying up [Past continuous] was [auxiliaryverb]English “She was tidying up the room” (Verb-initial language)(Nouns marked for case + Verbs marked for tense)Uzbek U qalamni sindirdi (SOV)He [subject] the pen-[Object]+[Acc] broke [past]English “He broke the pen” (SVO)(Nouns marked for case + Verbs marked for tense)Uzbek (Men) stol ustida 5 ta olma(lar)ni ko’ryapman. (Pro-drop language)I [subject] on the table [adverbial modifier of place] 5 apples [object]+[acc] seeing[present continuous]English “I see five apples on the table” [subject+verb+object+adv.mod.](Nouns marked for number (sing./pl.) + (Verbs agree with subject in person)Uzbek (Biz) senga ishonamizWe [subject] you [object] + in [acc.] believe [verb, present simple]English “We believe in you”(Verbs agree with subject in number + Verbs marked for tense)
Verb-initial languages always have auxiliary verb preceding the main verb (as in English was smoking), while verb-final languages have auxiliary verbs following the main verb. Bibliography
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