Mavzu: Kriptografik himoyalash Ishdan maqsad
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Ishdan maqsad: Asosiy shifrlash algoritmlarini o’rganish. Simmetrik va assimetrik shifrlash usullaridan to’g’ri qo’llay olishni ta’minlash Nazariy qism: Kriptografiya deb, maxfiy xabar mazmunini shifrlash, ya’ni ma’lumotlarni maxsus algoritm bo’yicha o’zgartirib, shifrlangan matnni yaratish yo’li bilan axborotga ruxsat etilmagan kirishga to’siq qo’yish usuliga aytiladi.
o’rganadi. Kalit – matnni shifrlash va shifrini ochish uchun kerakli axborot. Simmetrik shifrlarda ma’lumotni shifrlash va deshifrlash uchun bir xil kalitdan foydalaniladi. Assimetrik(ochiq kalitli) kriptozitimlarda esa shifrlash va deshifrlash uchun turlicha kalitlardan foydalaniladi. Bunda shifrlash kaliti ochiq kalit, deshifrlash kaliti esa shaxsiy kalit deyiladi.
Quyidagi jadvaldan o’z jurnal raqamingizga mos shifrmatnni olib Sezar usulida deshifrlang. Kalit k=7 ga teng. k=7
=Heivyva ch rpilyehcmzpspr
=? A – T
N – G B – U
O – H C – V
P – I D – W
Q – J E – X
R – K F – Y
S – L G – Z
T – M H – A
U – N 2
I – B
V – O J – C
W – P K – D
X – Q L – E
Y – R M – F
Z – S
=Axborot va kiberxavfsilik 2-vazifa:
Quyidagi jadvaldan o’z jurnal raqamingizga mos boshlang’ich matnni olib, ikki tomonlama o’rin almashtirish usuli yordamida shifrlang.
=Bilimi zo'r mingni yiqar*
4 3 2 5 1 6 3 B M O' I I Q 4 I I R N _ A 1 L _ _ G Y R 2 I Z M N I *
1 2 3 4 5 6 3 I O'
M B I Q 4 _ R I I N A 1 Y _ _ L G R 2 I M Z I N *
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Y _ _ L G R 2 I M Z I N * 3 I O'
M B I Q 4 _ R I I N A
= Y lgrimzin*io'mbiq riina 3
Familiya va sharif boshlang’ich matn sifatida, ism esa kalit sifatida ishlatilib Vernam hamda Vijiner usullarida shifrlash va deshifrlash amallari bajarilsin.
=Mekhrilloeva#Ulugbek#qizi K=Mavlyudabegim
=? A – 00000
Q – 10000 B – 00001
R – 10001 C – 00010
S – 10010 D – 00011
T – 10011 E – 00100
U – 10100 F – 00101
V – 10101 G – 00110
W – 10110 H – 00111
X – 10111 I – 01000
Y – 11000 J – 01001
Z – 11001 K – 01010
# - 11010 L – 01011
* - 11011 M – 01100
? – 11100 N – 01101
! – 11101 O – 01110
: - 11110 P – 01111
;- 11111 1) = =00000 A
2) = =00100 E
3) = =11111 ;
4) = =01100 M
5) = =01001 J
6) = =11100 ?
7) = =01000 I
4
8) = =01011 L
9) = =01111 P
10) = =00000 A
11) = =10011 T
12) = =01000 I
13) = =10110 W
14) = =11000 Y
15) = =01011 L
16) = =00001 B
17) = =01101 N
18) = =11001 Z
19) = =10000 Q
20) = =01001 J
21) = =11010 #
22) = =10001 R
23) = =01100 M
24) = =11111 ;
25) = =00000 A
=Ae;mj ilpatiwylbnzqj#rm;a? Deshifrlash
= Ae;mj ilpatiwylbnzqj#rm;a? K=Mavlyudabegim
1) = =01100 M
2) = =00100 E
3) = =01010 K
4) = =00111 H
5) = =10001 R
6) = =01000 I
7) = =01011 L
8) = =01011 L
9) = =01110 O
10) = =00100 E
5
11) = =10101 V
12) = =00000 A
13) = =11010 #
14) = =10100 U
15) = =01011 L
16) = =10100 U
17) = =10110 G
18) = =00001 B
19) = =00100 E
20) = =01010 K
21) = =11010 #
22) = =10000 Q
23) = =01000 I
24) = =11001 Z
25) = =01000 I
=Mekhrilloeva#Ulugbek#qizi 6
K=Mavlyudabegim
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # A B C D E F G H I J K L M A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # A V W X Y Z # A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # A B C D E F G H I J K L Y Z # A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y U V W X Y Z # A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # A B C D A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # A B E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # A B C D E G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # A B C D E F G I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # A B C D E F G H I M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # A B C D E F G H I J K L M
=Zfftpcpmqjbjmgmps#zoasnfr 7
=? K=Mavlyudabegim A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # A B C D E F G H I J K L M A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # A V W X Y Z # A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # A B C D E F G H I J K L Y Z # A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y U V W X Y Z # A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # A B C D A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # A B E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # A B C D E G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # A B C D E F G I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # A B C D E F G H I M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # A B C D E F G H I J K L M
=Mekhrilloeva#Ulugbek#qizi 8
Tug’ilgan joy (masalan Farg’ona viloyati, Toshkent shahri, Qoraqalpog’iston respublikasi va hokazo) ikkilik kvadrat usuli hamda sehrli kvadrat usullari yoqdamida shifrlab va deshifrlansin.
= Sa ma rq an d# vi lo ya ti
=? B P D Q E U
B R Y C K P M C K W 2 L
Q J Z T E V T O Y # H 4
O H D 1 I X J X A 1 7 9
G 2 4 A 7 5 F I R 5 S 8
U L F 8 N 9 N V Z G 3 6
M W
S 6 # 3
=87tjuk7rkz#oq41ait Deshifrlash
=87tjuk7rkz#oq41ait
=? B R Y C K P
B P D Q E U Q J Z T E V
M C K W 2 L O H D 1 I X
T O Y # H 4 G 2 4 A 7 5
J X A 1 7 9 U L F 8 N 9
F I R 5 S 8 M W
S 6 # 3
N V Z G 3 6
=Samarqand#viloyati 9
=? № 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
a m a
r q a n d # v i l o y a t i
1
2
6
3 20
7 24
11
4 16 8 25
12 4 16 5
9 21
13 5 17 21
10
22 14
1 18
10 22
15 2 19 6 23
20 24
25
m * a * v a n * i a d * l r t * y S i # y a * q *
=m*a*van*iad*lrt*ySi#ya*q* 10
=? 3 m 20 *
7 a 24 * 11
v 16
a 8 n 25 * 12 i 4 a 9 d 21 * 13
l 5 r 17 t 22 * 14
y 1 S 18 i 10 # 15
y 2 a 19 * 6 q 23
*
=Samarqand#viloyati 5-Vazifa: Ismingiz hamda tug’ilgan yilingizni (masalan Shahboz_1999) gammalash shifrlash algoritmi yordamida shifrlang va deshifrlang. Alifbo turi, unda foydalanilgan belgilar soni va alifboning uzunligi ixtiyoriy tanlanadi.
G=K=Kompyuter N=38
=? A-0
I-8
Q-16 Y-24
5-32
B-1
J-9
R-17 Z-25
6-33
C-2
K-10 S-18
#-26
7-34
D-3
L-11 T-19
0-27
8-35
E-4
M-12 U-20
1-28
9-36
F-5
N-13 V-21
2-29
_-37
G-6
O-14 W-22
3-30
H-7
P-15 X-23
4-31
11
M A V L Y U D A B E G I M _ 1 9 9 9 G K O M P Y U T E R K O M P Y U T E R
12 0 21 11 24 20 3 0 1 4 6 8 12 37 28 36 36 36 G 10 14 12 15 24 20 19 4 17 10 14 12 15 24 20 19 4 17
+G 22 14 33 26 48 40 22 4 18 14 20 20 27 61 48 55 40 53 modN
22 14 33 26 10 2 22 4 18 14 20 20 27 23 10 17 2 15
W O 6 # K C W E S O U U 0 X K R C P
=Wo6#kcwesouu0xkrcp Deshifrlash
=Wo6#kcwesouu0xkrcp G=K=Kompyuter N=38
=?
W O 6 # K C W E S O U U 0 X
R C P G K O M P Y U T E R K O M P Y U T E R
22 14 33 26 10 2 22 4 18 14 20 20 27 23 10 17 2 15 G 10 14 12 15 24 20 19 4 17 10 14 12 15 24 20 19 4 17
-G 12 0 21 11 -14 -18 3 0 1 4 6 8 12 -1 -10 -2 -2 -2
-G<0
-G+N 12 0 21 11 24 20 3 0 1
4 6 8 12 37 28 36 36 36
M A V L Y U D A B E G I M _ 1 9 9 9
=Mavlyudabegim_1999 12
RSA asimmetrik shiflash usuli yordamida tug’ilgan kun, oy, yil (masalan 28.11.1998) sonlari shiflansin va deshifrlansin. Tanlanayotgan tub sonlar 50 dan, ochiq kalit “d” esa 30 dan kichik bo’lmasligi kerak. Hisoblashlar qiyinchilik tug’dirsa WINDOWS kalkulyatoridan (Win+R oynasida “calc” deb yoziladi) foydalaning.
=28.7.1999
=28
=7
=1999
=?
=?
=? p=53
q=67 n=p*q=53*67=3551 =(p-1)*(q-1)=52*66=3432 1 EKUB(e, )=1
e=35
e*d=1mod
d=
k=17
d=1667 {3551,35} – ochiq kalit d=1667 – yopiq kalit
=
mod n=
mod 3551=1159
=7
=
mod n=
mod 3551=3435
=1999
=
mod n=
mod 3551=3270
=1159.3435.3270 Deshifrlash
=1159
=3435
=3270
=?
=?
=?
=1159
=
mod n=
mod 3551=28
=3435
=
mod n=
mod 3551=7
=3270
=
mod n=
mod 3551=1999
=28.7.1999 13
Quyidagi savollarga o’z tushunchangizdan kelib chiqib javob bering. Kitobiy berilgan javoblar inobatga olinmaydi. 1. Shirlash tushunchasini izohlang. Ma’lum algoritmlar orqali axborotning maxfiyligi va xavfsizligini ta’minlash maqadida kalit orqali shiftmatnni hosil qilish jarayoniga shifrlash deyiladi. 2. Shifrlash hamda kodlash tushunchalarining farqi nima? Shifrlash ham, kodlash ham ma’lumotni bir ko’rinishdan boshqa ko’rinishga o’tkazadi. Lekin kodlashda bu amal ma’lumotni qaytarish , uni o’qish oson bo’lishi uchun amalga oshirilsa, shifrlashda esa aksincha, u qaytarish uchun murakkab va ma’lumot mazmunining maxfiyligini saqlashi kerak, ya’ni xavfsizlikni ta’minlab berishi kerak. 3. Kriptografiya va steganografiya nima? Kriptogrfiya – ma’lumotning maxfiyligini saqlash maqsadida uni shifrlash usuli. Steganografiya – yuborilayotgan xabar ichiga soxta xabarni yashirish orqali muloqotni maxfiyligini saqlash, berkitish. 4. Axborot xavfsizligining nechta tamoyili bor? Axborot xavfsizligining asosiy uchta tamoyili bor: - konfedensiallik(maxfiylik darajasi); - yaxlitligi(butunligi); - foydalanuvchanligi.
Himoyalash vositalari asosan 7 turga bo’linadi: - Huquqiy; - Ma’naviy-etik; - Fizik; - Ma’muriy; - Texnik; - Kriptografik; - Dasturiy.
14 Xulosa Ushbu amaliyot ishini bajarish davomida simmetrik va assimetrik shifrlash algoritmlari bilan tanishib chiqdik. Amaliyotda bu algoritmlarni variantimizga mos bo’lgan variantlarda shifrlab ko’rdik. Bu esa shifrlash algoritmlarining asosiy mohiyatini, ularning afzalliklarini va kamchiliklarini tushunishda yordam berdi.Jumladan, biz kiberbardoshliligi past bo’lgan shifrlash algoritmlaridan, yuqoriroq bo’lganlarigacha ko’rib chiqdi. Natijada, assimetrik shifrlash simmetrik shifrlash nisbatan kiberbardoshliligi anchayin yuqori ekanini ko’rib o’tdik. Axborot turiga qarab algoritmni to’g’ri tanlash ham muhim jarayon ekani haqida tushunchalarga ega bo’ldim. Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar Ma’ruza prezentatsiyasi KIBERXAVFSIZLIK ASOSLARI FANIDAN 2-AMALIY MASHG’ULOT BO’YICHA VAZIFALAR. MAVZU: KRIPTOGRAFIK HIMOYALASH. 1-Vazifa: Quyidagi jadvaldan o’z jurnal raqamingizga mos shifrmatnni olib Sezar usulida deshifrlang. Kalit k=7 ga teng. T/r
Shifrmatn T/r
Shifrmatn 1 Puapsnhunh avsl fvy 15 Tlu Zlghyup ahupthfthu 2 Heivyva ehcmzpgspnp rhmlkyhzp 16 Zlghy ibfbr ch xbkyhasp 3 Rpilyehcmzpgspr hzvzshyp 17 Chgpmhup ihqhythzht ohfkhshthu 4 Ylhs Thkypk qhtvhzp 18 Pqaptvpf ahytvxkh mhvsthu 5 Ihyzlsvuh qhtvhzp 19 Nbf Fbspf Zlghy bzbsp 6 Thujolzaly Bupalk qhtvhzp 20 Tlu AHAB ahshihzpthu 7 Hyzluhs ibfbr qhtvh 21 Ahytvx ehcmzpgspnp tbopt chgpmh 8 Ibnbu klhkspul rbup 22 Tlu Thujolzaly qhtvhzpkhuthu 9 Heivyva ch rpilyehcmzpspr 23 Tlupun chgpmht Zlghy bzbsp 10 Chahu tbxhkkhzkpy 24 Zlghy bzbspup ipsthfthu 11 Ib tlupun chgpmht 25 Tlu yvzh bfxfjopthu 12 Tlunh ilypsnhu chgpmh xpfpu 26 Tlu yvzh khunhzhthu 13 Ipg ipy qhtvhtpg 27 Khyzshyup fvxapythfthu 14 Heivyvaupun ibfbr xbkyhap 28 Rpilyehcmzpspr fhezop mhu
Quyidagi jadvaldan o’z jurnal raqamingizga mos boshlang’ich matnni olib, ikki tomonlama o’rin almashtirish usuli yordamida shifrlang. T/r Shifrmatn T/r Shifrmatn 1 Kiberxavfsizlik fani zo’r fan ekan 15 Identifikatsiya-bu foydalanuvchi nomi 2 Dars tayyorlash talabaning majburiyati 16 Katta bo’lsam administrator bo’laman 3 Olim bo’lsang olam seniki 17 To’rt marta darsga bormadim 4 Kitob bilim bulog’idir. 18 O’rin almashtirish-simmetrik algoritm 5 Semestrni uch bahoga yopdim. 19 RSA-asimmetrik shifrlash usulidir 6 Hamma baholarim a’lo bo’ldi 20 Seshanba kuni deadline kuni 7 Ijtimoi tarmoqlar dushmanimiz 21 22-oktabr kiberxavfsizlik deadlineni 8 Internet-bu dangasalik 22 O’zbekiston-kelajagi buyuk davlat 9 Bilimi zo’r mingni yiqar 23 Bu vazifalarni tezroq bajarish kerak 10 Vatanni sevmoq iymondandir 24 O’rin almashtirish usulining jadvali 11 Men matematikani yomon ko’raman 25 Berilgan raqamlarning o’sish tartibi 12 Yaponiyaning poytaxti Tokio shahri 26 Matematika fanlar ichra shoh 13 Toshkent go’zal va so’lim shahar 27 Menga oson vazifa to’g’ri keldi 14 Kriptografiya qiziqarli fanlardan biridir 28 Berilgan vazifa juda qiyin ekan
3-Vazifa: Familiya va sharif boshlang’ich matn sifatida, ism esa kalit sifatida ishlatilib Vernam hamda Vijiner usullarida shifrlash va deshifrlash amallari bajarilsin 4-Vazifa: Tug’ilgan joy (masalan Farg’ona viloyati, Toshkent shahri, Qoraqalpog’iston respublikasi va hokazo) ikkilik kvadrat usuli hamda sehrli kvadrat usullari yoqdamida shifrlab va deshifrlansin. 5-Vazifa: Ismingiz hamda tug’ilgan yilingizni (masalan Shahboz_1999) gammalash shifrlash algoritmi yordamida shifrlang va deshifrlang. Alifbo turi, unda foydalanilgan belgilar soni va alifboning uzunligi ixtiyoriy tanlanadi. 6-Vazifa: RSA asimmetrik shiflash usuli yordamida tug’ilgan kun, oy, yil (masalan 28.11.1998) sonlari shiflansin va deshifrlansin. Tanlanayotgan tub sonlar 50 dan, ochiq kalit “d” esa 30 dan kichik bo’lmasligi kerak. Hisoblashlar qiyinchilik tug’dirsa WINDOWS kalkulyatoridan (Win+R oynasida “calc” deb yoziladi) foydalaning. 7-Vazifa: Quyidagi savollarga o’z tushunchangizdan kelib chiqib javob bering. Kitobiy berilgan javoblar inobatga olinmaydi. 1.
Shirlash tushunchasini izohlang. 2.
Shifrlash hamda kodlash tushunchalarining farqi nima? 3.
Kriptografiya va steganografiya nima? 4.
Axborot xavfsizligining nechta tamoyili bor? 5.
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