Once the United States decided to commit to WWI, ALL citizens had to contribute Once the United States decided to commit to WWI, ALL citizens had to contribute1. Soldiers: Selective Service Act: DraftConscientious Objector: Moral beliefs forbids one to fight2. Money: Bernard Baruch: WIB3. Supplies: Conserve4. Public Opinion: George Creel: President- Committee on Public Information: “Educate” Public
5. Loyalty: Espionage Act: “Treasonable” Newspaper Articles and Speeches Banned *Schenck v. U.S.: Upheld against speech*Abrams v. U.S.: Upheld against print
Many African Americans Moved north for war industry jobs (Chicago…etc) Many African Americans Moved north for war industry jobs (Chicago…etc)Many Mexican Immigrants enter the U.S. for war jobs (Los Angeles)
By Oct. 1918: The tide of the war had been turned and Germany wanted peace By Oct. 1918: The tide of the war had been turned and Germany wanted peaceWilson offered “14 point” peace planNovember 11th, 1918Armistice signed“The 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month” 1918
Woodrow Wilson - President, United States Woodrow Wilson - President, United StatesGeorges Clemenseau - Premier of FranceDavid Lloyd George - Prime Minister of BritainVittorio Orlando – Foreign Minister of Italy
Idealist - thought WWI would be “war to end all wars” Idealist - thought WWI would be “war to end all wars”Fourteen Points (plan for lasting peace)- self-determination
- peace without victory
- disarmament
- fair treatment of colonial peoples
- League of Nations
France had been destroyed in WWI France had been destroyed in WWI- wanted protection from further Germany attacks
- get rid of German military
- make Germany pay for war
Most afraid of German u-boats- wanted to get rid of German navy
- wanted German colonies
- wanted to get paid for losses
Italy entered war because of promise of cities in Austria. Italy entered war because of promise of cities in Austria.- Was given Tryrol and Trieste
- demanded more but when others refused he walked out.
- The Big Four became the Big Three
1919 Weimar Republic, German democratic government, was forced to sign it.
$5 billion within 2 years $5 billion within 2 years$28 billion (after the damages were tallied)
100,000 soldiers 100,000 soldiers6 warshipsno planesno submarines
Germany was the blame for starting the war. Germany was the blame for starting the war.The most hated part of the treaty.
Mandates - colonies of former Central Powers to be given to Allied nations To be given their independence sometime in future.From Ottoman Empire:- Syria (France)
- Egypt and Palestine (Britain)
New countries New countries- Czechoslovakia
- Poland (Polish corridor split Germany in two)
- Yugoslavia
- Latvia
- Estonia
- Finland
1. Ban Secret Treaties 1. Ban Secret Treaties2. Guarantee Freedom of the Seas3. Remove International Tariff Barriers4. Reduce Armaments5. Adjust Colonial Claims (Respect Colonial Peoples)7. Formation of a League of Nations*Other Points Dealt with Border Adjustments and the freeing of captured territoriesHenry Cabot Lodge: Did not support plan
June 28, 1919: Treaty of Versailles June 28, 1919: Treaty of VersaillesGermany…1. Lost Colonies (Alsace and Lorraine)2. Lost Coal Mines4. Navy crippled5. Germany had to pay $33 Billion in reparations- *Very Strict Terms*
- “Irreconcilables”: Isolationists (did not like treaty)
- Reservationists: Did not like wording in League of Nations Plan
In the Treaty of Versailles In the Treaty of VersaillesIntent to prevent future warsOpponents – would drag the country into unnecessary military commitmentsSenate refuses to ratify Treaty of VersaillesTreaty NEVER ratified by United States
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