Overweight and Obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
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- Abstract BACKGROUND
- Adolescents: A National Reference and Comparison with International Standards
- Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
- SUBJECTS AND METHODS
- Prevalence of Obesity in a Saudi Obstetric Population
- Abstract OBJECTIVE
- Associa on of The UCP2 –866G/A Polymorphism with Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity in Saudi Popula on
- Nullchildhood Obesitynull: A Growing Threat to Public Health in Saudi Arabia
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Conclusion: Saudi Arabian dietetic practice for the management of obesity does incorporate most best practice recommendations, but some specific elements are rarely used.
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Braz J Med Biol Res. 2009 Jun;42(6):501-5. Changes in the Hormone and Lipid Profile of Obese Adolescent Saudi Females with Acne Vulgaris. Abulnaja KO. Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. kabulnaja@yahoo.com Abstract Acne vulgaris is a multifactorial disease affecting a majority of the adolescent population. The objective of this study was to test for a correlation between fasting serum lipid profiles and levels of testosterone, insulin, lep n, and interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta) and the incidence of severe acne vulgaris in obese adolescent females. Four groups of adolescent females were studied: obese with acne, obese without acne, non-obese with acne, and non-obese without acne. Obese females with acne, compared to obese females without acne and non-obese subjects, had significantly higher serum triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein-B (apo-B) (mean +/- SD: 197 +/- 13.7 vs 171 +/- 11.5, 128 +/- 8.3 vs 116 +/- 7.7, 96 +/- 13.7 vs 85 +/- 10.3 mg/dL, respec vely) but significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apo-A1 levels (40 +/- 3.3 vs 33 +/- 3.5 and 126 +/- 12 vs 147 +/- 13 mg/dL). Serum testosterone, insulin and leptin levels were significantly higher in obese subjects with or without acne compared to non-obese females with or without acne (3 +/- 0.5 vs 2.1 +/- 0.47, 15.5 +/- 3.3 vs 11.6 +/- 3, 0.9 +/- 0.2 vs 0.6 +/- 0.15 nmol/mL, respec vely). Serum IL-1b was significantly elevated in obese and non-obese subjects with acne compared to subjects without acne; in those without acne, these levels were higher in obese than non-obese subjects (2.4 +/- 0.2, 1.4 +/- 0.1 vs 1.8 +/- 0.12 and 1.3 +/- 0.11 pg/mL, respectively). Our results indicate that there is a relationship between obesity (BMI >27) and acne. By early recogni on, the e ology and treatment protocol of acne may prevent unwanted conditions.
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Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2009 May 27;7:52. Infertility Treatment Outcome in Sub Groups of Obese Population. Awartani KA, Nahas S, Al Hassan SH, Al Deery MA, Coskun S. Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. kawartani@kfshrc.edu.sa
IVF treatment outcome. It is not clear whether morbidly obese women (BMI >= 35 kg/m2) respond to treatment differently as compared to obese women (BMI = 30-34.9 kg/m2) in IVF. Our aim was to compare the outcome of IVF or ICSI treatments in obese patients to that in morbidly obese patients. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary care centre. Patients inclusion criteria were as follows; BMI >or= 30, age 20-40 years old, first cycle IVF/ICSI treatment with primary infertility and long follicular pituitary down regulation protocol. RESULTS: A total of 406 obese pa ents (group A) and 141 morbidly obese patients (group B) sa sfied the inclusion criteria. Average BMI was 32.1 +/- 1.38 kg/m2 for group A versus 37.7 +/- 2.99 kg/m2 for group B. Pa ent age, cause of infertility, duration of stimulation, fertilization rate, and number of transferred embryos were similar in both groups. Compared to group A, group B had fewer medium size and mature follicles (14 vs. 16), fewer oocytes collected (7 vs. 9) and required higher doses of HMG (46.2 vs. 38.5 amps). There was also a higher cancella on rate in group B (28.3% vs. 19%) and lower clinical pregnancy rate per started cycle (19.9% vs. 28.6%).
stratified according to their BMI, morbid obesity is associated with unfavorable IVF/ICSI cycle outcome as evidenced by lower pregnancy rates. It is recommended that morbidly obese patients undergo appropriate counseling before the initiation of this expensive and invasive therapy.
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Obes Surg. 2009 Apr;19(4):456-60. Epub 2008 Oct 8. Inhibition of C-Reactive Protein in Morbidly Obese Patients after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy. Hakeam HA, O'Regan PJ, Salem AM, Bamehriz FY, Jomaa LF. King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. hakeam@kfshrc.edu.sa Abstract BACKGROUND: Obesity is considered a low-grade chronic inflammatory condition as reflected by increased C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Inflammation is emerging as a predictor of cardiovascular disease and it may be a precursor of the metabolic syndrome. Bariatric surgery is commonly performed as a treatment for morbid obesity offering significant reductions in premature myocardial infarction. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is a relatively new bariatric procedure that is currently used as a definitive procedure for weight loss. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of sleeve gastrectomy on CRP levels.
evaluate LSG impact on iron indices. CRP levels were compared preopera vely and 6 months a er surgery. Similarly, demographics including body mass index and excess weight were also compared at these same study points. Data were analyzed using Student paired t test and Pearson product moment correlation analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-nine morbidly obese patients were included. There was significant decrease in body mass index (BMI) between the preoperative and 6-month period (50.9 +/- 13.2 and 35.1 +/- 6.85, respec vely; P < 0.001). Also CRP levels were sta s cally significantly lower at 6 months after surgery (preopera ve 12.3 +/- 7.53 mg/L and postopera ve 5.6 +/- 4.2 mg/L. P < 0.0001). The significant weight loss as reflected by change in BMI was correlated with the difference between preoperative and postoperative CRP levels. CONCLUSIONS: Massive weight loss in morbidly obese patients induced by LSG causes a significant decrease in CRP levels, which could reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases in these patients.
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Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2006 Fall;4(3):204-14. Acomparison of the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Saudi Adult Females Using Two Definitions. Al-Qahtani DA, Imtiaz ML, Saad OS, Hussein NM. Primary Care Physicians, Department of Primary Health Care, Northern Area Armed Forces Hospital, King Khalid Military City, Hafr Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia. Abstract The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Saudi adult women aged 18 years and above using the criteria of International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (mNCEPATPIII). A cross-sectional survey was performed involving a group of 2577 non- pregnant Saudi women subjects aged 18-59 years residing in a military city in northern Saudi Arabia recruited from a primary care setting. Anthropometric data, together with a brief medical history, were obtained at initial contact, and laboratory investigations were performed on the following day a er fas ng for 12 h. Data on all variables required to define the metabolic syndrome according to IDF and mNCEP-ATPIII criteria were available for only 1922 subjects who a ended the laboratory for inves ga ons (response rate of 74.6%). Non-respondents were excluded from data analysis. Prevalence rates were estimated according to both definitions. Age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome was found to be 16.1% and 13.6% by IDF and mNCEP-ATPIII definitions, respectively. Abdominal obesity was the most common component in the study popula on (44.1% by mNCEP-ATPIII and 67.9% by IDF cut-off points). It was followed by low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (36.0%). About two-thirds of the subjects (66.4% by mNCEP-ATPIII and 67.9% by IDF definitions) exhibited at least one criterion for metabolic syndrome by both definitions. Mean values and prevalence of individual components of the syndrome showed a steady rise with increase in age, general and abdominal obesity, and the presence of diabetes. Since the cut-off values for waist circumference by IDF definition were lower, prevalence rates by this definition were higher than those defined by mNCEP-ATPIII. High prevalence rates in this young sample predict a sharp rise in the prevalence rates of this syndrome among Saudi women over the next few years.
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Dis Markers. 2009;27(2):97-102. Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphisms Related to Overweight/Obesity among Saudi Subjects from Qassim Region. Settin AA, Algasham A, Dowaidar M, Ismail H. Molecular Biology Research Center, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia. settin@mans.edu.eg Abstract BACKGROUND: This work was planned to check for the association of polymorphisms related to methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) genes with overweight/obesity among Saudi subjects from Qassim region. METHODS: This work included 130 subjects having overweight or obesity and 111 normal controls. Their age mean +/- SD was 27 +/- 9.8 and 24 +/- 8.8 years respec vely. Their DNA was analyzed for polymorphisms of MTHFR; 677C/T and 1298 A/C and ACE; I/D genes using real-time PCR. RESULTS: Genotype and allele frequencies of studied polymorphisms in cases of overweight/obesity showed no significant statistical difference compared to that of controls. However, on analysis of body mass index (BMI), cases showed slightly higher but statistically nonsignificant mean +/- SD values among those carrying the mutant MTHFR 677 T allele (CT + TT vs. CC, 30.7 +/- 4.5 vs. 29.9 +/- 4.9), 1298 C allele (AC + CC vs. AA, 29.9 +/- 4.1 vs. 29.7 +/- 5.5) and ACE D allele (ID + DD vs. II, 30.0 +/- 5.1 vs. 29.1 +/- 2.8). In addition controls having the DD and ID genotypes showed higher sta s cally significant values of BMI than those of the II genotype (22.0 +/- 1.9, 21.7 +/- 2.6 and 19.5 +/- 2.3 respec vely, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: There is no solid association of polymorphisms related to MTHFR and ACE genes with non-complicated overweight or obesity among Saudi subjects from Qassim Region.
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Annals of Saudi Medicine, 2009;29(5):342-347 Body Mass Index in Saudi Arabian Children and Adolescents: A National Reference and Comparison with International Standards Abdullah S Al Herbish 1 , Mohammed I El Mouzan 1 , Abdullah A Al Salloum 1 ,
2 , Ahmed A Al Omar 2 , Peter J Foster 3 , Tatjana Kecojevic 3
1 Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 2 Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 3 School of Mathematics, Manchester University, United Kingdom Correspondence Address: Abdullah S Al Herbish 2965 Abdulaziz Aba Husain Street-Al Morsalat, Riyadh 12461-6591 Saudi Arabia Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Because there are no reference standards for body mass index (BMI) in Saudi children, we established BMI reference percentiles for normal Saudi Arabian children and adolescents and compared them with international standards. SUBJECTS AND METHODS : Data from a stratified multistage probability sample were collected from the 13 health regions in Saudi Arabia, as part of a nationwide health profile survey of Saudi Arabian children and adolescents conducted to establish normal physical growth references. Selected households were visited by a trained team. Weight and length/height were measured and recorded following the WHO recommended procedures using the same equipment, which were subjected to both calibration and intra/interobserver variations. RESULTS: Survey of 11 874 eligible households yielded 35 275 full-term and healthy children and adolescents who were subjected to anthropometric measurements. Four BMI curves were produced, from birth to 36 months and 2 to 19 years for girls and boys. The 3 rd , 5
th , 10
th , 25
th , 50
th , 75
th , 85
th , 90 th , 95
th , and 97 th percentiles were produced and compared with the WHO and CDC BMI charts. In the higher percentiles, the Saudi children differed from Western counterparts, indicating that Saudi children have equal or higher BMIs.
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CONCLUSION: The BMI curves reflect statistically representative BMI values for Saudi Arabian children and adolescents.
Journal of Nephrology and Renal Transplanta on, 2009;2(3) Obesity and Metabolic syndrome in Saudi Hemodialysis Patients Sameh A elsaid, Mahmoud A Hamada, khalid A Alsaran Abstract Overweight & obesity has increased rapidly in an epidemic proportions as two-thirds of adults are obese or overweight. Recent evidence highlights the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) diseases.The overall prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was reported as high up to 70% in hemodialysis popula on and was especially prevalent among diabetic, female, and white end stage renal disease patients. Aim of the study: To examine the relation between end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and metabolic syndrome and / or obesity in a sample of Saudi hemodialysis patients and to Identify the most common element of the metabolic syndrome among patients receiving dialysis. Pa ents and methods: 200 hemodialysis pa ents in Prince Salman Center for Kidney Diseases (PSCKD). Metabolic syndrome was the main exposure for this study and was defined using The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) proposal for diagnosis of metabolic syndrome criteria in 2004. Body mass index (BMI) for dialysis pa ents was classified as underweight (BMI
The European Journal of Nutrition, 2009;2(4) Prevalence of Obesity in a Saudi Obstetric Population Abdel-Hady El-Gilany a , Adel El-Wehady b
Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt, b
Abstract OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of obesity and its determinants during the first month of gestation in Saudi women. 521
METHODS: Retrospective chart review of measured BMI in Al-Hassa, the largest province in Saudi Arabia, in 2007. Data were collected from records of 791 (72.6% of 1,089) pregnant women registered for prenatal care.
skewed posi vely (skewness of 0.77). The prevalence of underweight, normal weight, overweight, obesity, and extreme obesity (BMI > 40 kg/m 2 ) were 8.5, 39.3, 23.6, 23.9, and 4.7%, respec vely. Logis c regression revealed that the most important significant independent predictors of obesity are parity of 4 and more (odds ra o (OR) = 5.8) and urban residence (OR = 4.9). CONCLUSION: Overweight, obesity, and extreme obesity are common (>52%) among pregnant women in Saudi Arabia. Health educa on to control body weight before pregnancy is warranted.
Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics, 2009;10(2) Associa on of The UCP2 –866G/A Polymorphism with Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity in Saudi Popula on MT Tayeb Abstract BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is emerging as a major public health problem all over the world particularly Saudi Arabia. Recent studies reported that Uncoupling Protein 2 (UCP2) was associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). AIM OF THE STUDY: This study was conducted to clarify the contribution of
polymorphism in UCP2 in obesity and T2D in the Saudi popula on. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The distribution of the –866G/A polymorphism was examined in a case-control study including samples from 110 obese pa ents, 81 T2D pa ents, 96 obese-T2D pa ents and 100 healthy unrelated Saudi subjects. The –866G/A polymorphism were determined by using PCR/RFLP (polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism) techniques.
genotype was significantly higher in both obese and T2D pa ents (p- 522
value= 0.0001, p-value= 0.014, respec vely) compared with healthy control. The G allele was significantly associated with increased risk of obesity (odd ra o, OR: 3.3; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.37-7.98), but not with T2D (OR, 1.97; Cl, 0.80-4.87). In obese-T2D pa ents group, no significant correlation with –866G/A polymorphism (p= 0.067; OR, 1.21; Cl, 0.25-2.80). This unreeled study suggested that the G allele of UCP2 – 866G/A polymorphism was related to obesity, which indicated the possible role of this polymorphism in causing metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that the G allele of UCP2 –866G/A polymorphism might be related to obesity and T2D which might be used as a predic ve marker for obesity and T2D.
Int J Pediatr Obes, 2009;4, Pages: 6 Nullchildhood Obesitynull: A Growing Threat to Public Health in Saudi Arabia A Alam
Abstract Saudi children and adolescents 15 years of age and younger cons tute about 40% of the Saudi popula on (1). Early na onal Saudi medical literature referred to the existence of obesity and its health consequences as a feature of social affluence and economic prosperity (2,3,4). Unfortunately, the majority of reviewed studies were sporadic and did not represent the whole population. At the present time and until evidence- based conclusions can be reached regarding the exact prevalence of childhood obesity, the increasing demand on bariatric surgical interventions in Saudi Arabia could be an indica on of the magnitude of the problem (5). The observation of obesity among school children has raised many concerns among educational and medical activists. Legislation has been implemented to restrict the purchase of junk food in school premises, and the consumption of fresh milk and dates as sources of energy and natural sweets were encouraged. The concept of adopting health promotion in schools was endorsed in different localities in Saudi Arabia; however, measurable outcomes of such actions are far from being recorded or have been completely evaluated (6). In an effort to exercise the epidemiological sense of the problem, a cross-sectional study including four private female primary schools in Riyadh city was conducted in 2007 and included about 1 072 students within the age group of 8 to 12 years. The majority belonged to above average socioeconomic status. The study revealed an almost 15% |
