Plan: The main branches of the metallurgical industry
Download 27.73 Kb.
|
Reja Metallurgiya sanoatining asosiy tarmoqlari (1)
|
Metallurgical Branch in Uzbekistan Plan: 1. The main branches of the metallurgical industry. 2. Non-ferrous metallurgical network i. 3. Black metallurgy network. 4. The main raw material bases in our country. Non-ferrous metallurgy, which includes extraction, enrichment and smelting of non-ferrous original and rare metals, is one of the economic sectors of global importance in Uzbekistan . A number of copper, polymetal, tungsten, molybdenum deposits, aluminum and magnesium raw materials and other non-ferrous and rare metals have been found in the territory of our republic . Non-ferrous metallurgy of Uzbekistan is one of the relatively young production branches. Nevertheless, its contribution corresponds to more than 2.3 parts of the non-ferrous metals produced in the Central Asian Republics . During the exploitation of mines, tungsten, molybdenum in 1935, fluorite in 1941, lead, zinc in 1952, and copper mining and beneficiation in 1956, as well as the production of their concentrates, were created in our republic. In the early days , the non-ferrous metallurgy of Uzbekistan was engaged in the mining and beneficiation of ores, as well as sending prepared concentrates to other republics to obtain finished products, but now this industry is a full cycle that includes all production stages. became an industrial network. Enterprises of this industry are Olmalik, Mirintov (Zarafshon), Navoi mountain metallurgical combines, Uzbekistan hard-melting and heat-resistant alloys combine (Chirchik), Ingichka and Koytosh, mining departments, "Uzbekistan gold" combine and others. Almalyk Mountain Metallurgical Combine is one of the largest enterprises of non-ferrous metallurgy. This combine combines copper, polymetallic ore mining, beneficiation, copper and zinc smelting enterprises. Copper is mined from the Kalmokgyr and Sarichekuv mines, enriched and smelted at the copper factory, which is a part of the combine. The ores mined from the lead mine and Altintopgan polymetallic mine are enriched in the lead and zinc enrichment plant . zinc concentrates are smelted in the zinc plant within the complex. Lead concentrates are currently being taken out of the Republic for melting. Enterprises related to the zinc and lead industry of the Almalyk Mountain Metallurgical Combine include a sulfuric acid producer. In general, prospects for the development of copper, zinc and lead branches of non-ferrous metallurgy in our Republic are very good. The prospect of the copper industry is not limited to the operation of the Kalmokgyr and Sarichekuv mines, as well as the recent Dalneye and Balikti mines. Prospective copper mines have been found in a number of other regions of the republic. The most important of them are the copper mines of Khandiza Charchar in South Uzbekistan , Qizilqum in Bukhara region, Fergana valley and other places. This will enable the operation of more than 15 copper mines, the expansion of the raw material base of the copper industry, the construction of new beneficiation factories, and the increase of the capacity of the copper plant at the Almalyk Mountain Metallurgical Combine. The Almaliq mining-metallurgical combine has a complete metallurgical cycle based on the Kalmagkir copper mines . To the copper complex of the combine Kalmokgyr copper mine (1954) to the ore beneficiation factory (1957) from the metallurgical plant (1962) to the lead-zinc complex Kurgooshinkon (1950), Oltintopgan (1955), Chlata (1971), Ore beneficiation factory (1954) consists of a metallurgical plant (1970). The location of the copper, lead and zinc industries in Uzbekistan creates important conveniences. This makes it possible to use their waste in the national economy , to connect non-ferrous metallurgical deposits and to realize their cooperation with the chemical industry. The Copper Metallurgical Combine supplies sulfuric acid to the Olmalik ammophos plant, supplies the chemical industry with the necessary production components for the production of synthetic fibers, toxic chemicals for agriculture and other products . Another highly important branch of Uzbekistan's non-ferrous metallurgy is the mining and enrichment of tungsten and molybdenum ores and the production of hard-to-dissolve and refractory alloys based on them . Tungsten, molybdenum concentrates are melted at the complex of refractory and refractory alloys of Uzbekistan in Chirchik. The plant is one of the largest plants in the Commonwealth of Independent States , producing a variety of products (tungsten and molybdenum wires, hard alloys, propane, rock drilling equipment). One of the most important branches of non-ferrous metallurgy of Uzbekistan is the gold industry. This network has large gold deposits of very rich and rare properties . Central Asia, especially in the territory of Uzbekistan, gold mining is used to make various jewelry, jewelry and ornaments. It is known from archeological findings that it was already in VI-V centuries. Sochma and button gold mines exist , and there is information that in the 10th-11th centuries, sochma gold was taken in the valleys of the Chotkal, Chirchik, Norin, Koson, Suh, Zarafshan, and Darvaz rivers. It is known that "Uzbekoltinnoyobmet" trust was established in 30 years when Uzbek gold was brought to the center . At that time, gold seekers in Ohangaron, Chirchik river valleys, and Kurama mountains obtained gold sand by washing. Since the 1950s, prospecting has been carried out, and Karaquton, Bichanzor, Pirmirob, Guzaksoy, then Kuchbulok, Murintov, Chormiton, Marjonbulok, Kauldi, Kizilolmalisoy, Sarmich and other mines have been discovered. 1970 Chodak gold mine was put into operation. In those years, gold mining increased three times. In 1972, Kuchbulok mine and Angren gold separation plant began to work. 1977 Kauldi, 1980 Marjonbulok gold mining complex, 1989 Zarmitan and Kizilolmalisoy mines were commissioned. , the State Committee of Precious Metals of the Republic of Uzbekistan was established on the basis of the association " Uzbekistan ", and this committee was transformed into the Association of Uzbekistan ("Ozolmosoltin") in 1994. (1991) are operating. Although gold has been mined in Uzbekistan since ancient times, its main deposits were discovered and exploited during the current decades. Currently, gold is mined from the slopes of Nurota, Chotkal mountains and Marjonbulok, Chodak, Murintov mines in central Kyzylkum. There is a large gold processing plant in Zarafshan. Since 1991, a workshop for extracting primary metals (gold, silver) has been launched as part of the Almalyk Mountain Metallurgical Combine. In cooperation with the British company "Lonro", the project of the joint venture "Amantayu Golfiluz", a large enterprise, was implemented to start a gold ore mine and extract gold in central Kyzylkum. Uzbekistan's gold is of high quality, and the gold bars obtained at the Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combine received a certificate from the London Non-ferrous Metals Exchange (1994). These valuable resources are now serving to boost the economy of independent Uzbekistan. in Uzbekistan . Antimony, tin and other non-ferrous metal mines have also been discovered in the republic. is the necessary material basis for the comprehensive development of all economic regions and the entire economy of the Republic. Ferrous metallurgical products are the raw material for the machine-building industry, which determines technical progress in all branches of the national economy, and is its main foundation. Central Asia was started in 1942 with the help of the people, and on March 5, 1944, the first solution was taken from the plant. In February 1945, the 2nd marten furnace, and in 1949, the 3rd marten furnace began to produce products. In August 1978, an electric steel smelter (EPES) with a capacity of 250,000 tons per year began producing. pipeline of propane products, the plant produces about 50 consumer goods. In the second half of the 70s, a steel smelting shop and a new rolling shop were put into operation at the Metallurgical Plant of Uzbekistan using electric power . Control of technological processes in the steel smelting shop is automated . The factory also has a workshop for the production of a wide range of consumer goods (glazed metal dishes and hakozo). During all the years of operation of the enterprise, the production of steel and rolled products increased continuously. In 1946, 23 thousand t. Steel and 3000 t. If rolled products were produced, these figures were 368,000 tons in 1965. Steel and 255 thousand tons. Prokatni, and in 1990, 1015 thousand tons of pulp and 955 thousand tons. Organized the rental. 2005 607.3 thousand tons. And 562.2 thousand tons. The finished roll was produced. At the "Secondary black metal" plant in Tashkent (Bukhara, Samarkand and Syrdarya regions) special enterprises and workshops were built for the processing of iron and steel. of Uzbekistan and provide them with drinking water led to the commissioning of a special workshop for the production of metal pipes at the Bekobad Metallurgical Plant. The production of gas and water pipes has expanded further. change the types of rolled products produced according to local needs . Increasing the capacity of the Bekobod plant is the need of the hour, because this enterprise is not able to remelt even a quarter of the iron ore that is accumulating in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Iron and manganese ores, flux materials and refractory raw materials necessary for the development of ferrous metallurgy were also found on the territory of the republic . On the basis of these raw materials, it is possible to establish a full-cycle ferrous metallurgical industry in the future. is one of the top ten gold-producing companies in the world , providing full production from geological prospecting, mining and processing of underground resources to obtaining finished products. which has mastered the process, is the largest enterprise of the mining industry of Uzbekistan. "999.9" pure gold ingots of the combine have become a brand of Uzbekistan on the world's precious metal exchanges.[1] In the years of independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan, NKMK entered a new stage of development. As a result of the technical and technological modernization of existing enterprises and the construction of new processing facilities, the combine has made significant progress in production. departments of "NKMK" JSC : - Northern Mining Department (Uchkuduk city); - Central Mining Department (Zarafshan city); - South Mining Department (Nurabad city); - Mining Department "1-GMZ" (Navoi city); - Navoi Machinery Plant. During the years of our country's independence, it was built and commissioned by the combine: 3rd hydrometallurgical plant (3rd GMZ) 4-hydrometallurgical plant (4-GMZ) 5-hydrometallurgical plant (5-GMZ) 7-hydrometallurgical plant (7-GMZ) is the largest industrial enterprise of our republic , equipped with modern mining equipment and technologies, and has qualified engineers and specialist personnel. is a modern industrial cluster , in which a solid foundation has been created for the implementation of new forms of integration of science and technology. In the Innovation Center and research laboratories of the Combine, research is being carried out in many areas of mineral extraction and processing. Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combine is a reliable partner, a guarantee of high quality, efficiency and stability. its glorious history, the Kombinat has been recognized by foreign partners in developed countries of the world and has successfully cooperated with leading foreign companies on the introduction of modern mining transport and technological equipment, the development and implementation of advanced technologies, and the establishment of new production networks. has cooperation experience. was changed to the form of a joint-stock company . A number of measures are being implemented in the enterprise to improve the activity of the combine, to introduce a modern corporate management system aimed at turning it into a world leader in production technologies and a full-fledged participant of the international financial market, and to prepare financial reports in accordance with the requirements of international standards. Today, Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combine, which is the flagship of Uzbekistan's mining and metallurgical industry, was established in the Uchkuduq region for the purpose of mining and processing uranium ore . In the 30s and 50s of the 20th century, as a result of research carried out by geologists in Kyzylkum, large uranium deposits were found in the Uchkuduq region. At that time, many industry experts were sent here in order to speed up the uranium mining necessary for the atomic industry of the former Soviet Union. Development of uranium deposits has been started in Uzguduk. Uzbekistan has long been one of the centers of world civilization. It is well known that underground resources have been mined here since ancient times. The discovery of tools belonging to the Stone Age in the expanses of the Kyzylkum desert means that the underground resources of these areas began to be exploited by primitive people in the Paleolithic period. In particular, the Uchtut flint mine of the Neolithic period, found in the Karatov Mountains and studied by archaeologists, is considered one of the oldest monuments of human activity. People have mined copper, bronze, iron and other metals in the regions of our country and made tools and household appliances from them. Uzbekistan is rich in reserves and resources of many types of minerals such as gold, silver, uranium, copper, polymetals, iron, phosphorite, kaolin. The presence of gas, oil, and coal among the underground natural resources of our country further increases the value of these resources. Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combine, the flagship of Uzbekistan's mining and metallurgical industry, was established in the Uchkuduk region for the purpose of mining and processing uranium ore . In the 30s and 50s of the 20th century, as a result of research carried out by geologists in Kyzylkum, large uranium deposits were found in the Uchkuduq region. At that time, many industry experts were sent here in order to speed up the uranium mining necessary for the atomic industry of the former Soviet Union. Development of uranium deposits has been started in Uzguduk. On February 20, 1958, by the decision of the former Union government, the Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combine was established (until January 1, 1967, the enterprise was called Combine No. 2 of the Ministry of Medium Engineering) . In 1958, industrial development of a part of Uchkuduk uranium deposits began. However, their use was somewhat complicated. The fact that uranium mining is being carried out here for the first time, as well as the fact that uranium reserves are located in complex mine-geological conditions, required the use of completely new technological methods and the most effective methods of research and development of the mine. Therefore, open and underground operations were carried out at the mine at the same time. In the 50s of the 20th century, as a result of scientific research carried out by the staff of the Special Scientific Research Institute of the former Union, it was determined that Uchkuduq uranium differs from other uranium deposits due to its unique physical and chemical properties, technical structure (scheme) . An experimental workshop was established in order to search for uranium ore and other underground deposits from the well. For the construction of a hydrometallurgical plant, the area of Karmana (now the city of Navoi) near the railway was chosen . There were several factors for this: firstly, the presence of the Karmana railway station here, secondly, the proximity to the Zarafshan river, and thirdly, the possibility of building a new thermal power plant. Also, in order to provide the newly established combine with qualified personnel, experienced specialists of the field were recruited from the uranium mines "Taboshar" (Tajikistan) and "Moylisoy". the middle of the 20th century, geologists achieved great success in searching for mineral resources in the soil of our country. The scientific-theoretical assumptions of geologists about the presence of large gold deposits in the territory of Uzbekistan have been fully confirmed. The famous geologist Ibrahim Hamroboyev's work "Magmatism and post-magmatism processes in Western Uzbekistan" published in 1958 became the basis for the identification of deposits of gold and a number of precious metals in Western Uzbekistan. It is known that the newly discovered mineral was named "Khamrabaevite" for Ibrahim Hamroboyev's great contribution to the development of geological science. A scientist who has devoted his whole life to the study of the geology and underground deposits of Uzbekistan and Central Asia, the solution of petrology and geochemistry of igneous rocks, metasomatic changes, mineral formation and metallogeny, and the depth of the earth's crust. He carried out extensive research and made great discoveries on extremely relevant problems, such as the interrelationship of magmatism and metallogeny. In the 50s of the 20th century, the employees of the Geological Service of Uzbekistan - under the leadership of the Doctor of Geology-Mineralogy, Academician HMAAbdullayev, Doctor of Geology-Mineralogy HTTolaganov, began extensive research and focused on the western part of Uzbekistan. KLBabayev, Doctor of Geology and Mineralogy, Director of the Institute of Geology of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Director of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Doctor of Geology and Mineralogy, Academician I. H. Hamroboev, and geologist, specialist in gold mines, who carried out further metallogenic research L. Z. Paley confirmed the prospects of obtaining gold in the Nurota Mountains and the Kyzylkum Desert. After that, large funds were allocated for the geological study of the Kyzylkum desert, and highly qualified specialists were involved in the field work. The head of geophysics and reconnaissance party Yu. N. Mordvinsev, the party's senior geologist P.V. Khramishkin and the party's senior geophysicist S.I. Lukyanov conducted prospecting with the wide application of geophysical and geochemical methods. As a result, a number of deposits with high gold content were discovered. In 1958, the first quartz bodies containing industrial metal were mined not only in the veins (jila), but also in the areas around the veins using ditches (channels) at the Muruntov mine site . This situation created the ground for a radical turn of events. The opening of the "Muruntov" mine was recognized by the international geological community as the biggest discovery made in the field of precious metals in the second half of the 20th century. Even today, this huge mine has a strong place in the development of our economy. Since the opening of the "Muruntov" mine, mining and drilling operations in this mine have been studied in detail. In particular, the mine, which is expected to be deep and very deep, has been very thorough and hard work has been done on the total size, potential and future prospecting of gold. In the short period from 1965 to 1969, the mine was prepared for industrial production, the high-voltage power line and the first stage of the water pipeline from the Amudarya River were laid. Ore extraction and processing complexes were commissioned and open pit mining began. On March 5, 1967, the first blasting operations were carried out at the "Muruntov" open-pit mine. "Muruntov" mine is a large mine located in Central Kyzylkum , 180 km from the city of Navoi. in the north, 40 km from the city of Zarafshan. located in the east, at the southern foot of Tomditov. The mine was recognized as the "Miracle of the Century" due to the abundance of gold reserves and the convenience of the technological conditions of ore extraction . The name of the geologists under the leadership of Ibrahim Hamroboyev was recorded in history as the scientist who discovered the Muruntov deposit. In 1969, a group of geologists led by Ibrahim Hamroboyev was awarded the State Prize of the former Union for opening the Muruntov mine. Also, the opening of "Tomdibulok" and "Chormitan" gold mines is connected with the name of Academician Ibrahim Hamroboyev. For opening Chormitan mine, he was also awarded with the diploma of "The first discoverer of the mine". In the 60s of the 20th century, geologists put forward scientific and theoretical views on the genetic connection of the Tien-Shan Mountains with the Ural Mountains. It was determined that the Tien-Shan mountains continued towards the Kyzylkum deserts, surfaced in the Kuljuktog, Bukantog areas, and continued underground to the lower reaches of the Amudarya, and the Sultan Uwais mountains appeared on the surface. The discovery of gold, iron, and nickel mines typical of the Ural mountains in Kyzylkum and Sultan Uvais mountains became important. The geologists of the Kyzylkum Geology-Research Expedition, established in 1964, also made a great contribution to the search for gold, uranium and other deposits in the desert . With the selfless work of thousands of workers, engineers, scientists, leaders of various levels, the development of the Kyzylkum desert began. Compared to that time , settlements and cities with modern infrastructure were built in the expanses of Kyzylkum . The desert where human steps have reached has turned into beautiful places. The construction of such a large industrial enterprise as the Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combine involved the incomparable work of selfless people who love their country, are patriotic, tenacious and strong-willed, capable of solving the most complex engineering-technical and social issues. From the first days of the establishment of the combine, they knew that it had a bright future and that it would serve the development of this country and the well-being of our people in the future, and they spent all their energy and knowledge on its development. Sharof Rashidov, the original child of our nation, a famous state and public figure, made a great contribution to the establishment of the combine and the development of the " Muruntov" mine . During his tenure as the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan from 1959 to 1983, Sharof Rashidov gained a great reputation for his unique intelligence, rich knowledge and experience, and high human qualities. In 1969, Sharof Rashidov was personally involved in launching a gold processing plant in Zarafshan and receiving the first gold deposit . Cities and towns such as Navoi, Zarafshan, Uchkuduq and Zafarabad were built in the Qizilkum desert . At that time, despite the extreme instability of the era, it was a great courage to give the names of Alisher Navoi, the great poet and thinker of the Uzbek people, as well as Zarafshan and Uchquduk to the newly founded cities due to the patriotism and bravery of Sharaf Rashidov. The creation of the city of Navoi, named after the great poet, is directly related to the establishment of the Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combine . The city founded on September 3, 1958 near the Karmana station was named after the great thinker, poet and statesman Alisher Navoi. Sharaf Rashidov's efforts in building the city of Zarafshan, which is considered a miracle in the desert, and creating all conditions for people here, should be noted. It should be noted that Sharof Rashidov showed enthusiasm in the establishment of the Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combine, visited every construction facility, and expressed his suggestions for their projects . Of course, Yefim Pavlovich Slavsky (1957-1957), who worked as the Minister of Medium Engineering of the USSR in the development of mineral resources in the vast expanses of Kyzylkum, the establishment of the Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combine, uranium and gold production enterprises, and the construction of modern cities and towns for miners. 1986), hard work under the leadership of the first director of the combine Zarab Petrosovich Zarapetyan (1958-1971), directors of the combine Anatoly Anatolyevich Petrov (1971-1985) and Nikolay Ivanovich Kuchersky (1985-2008) the services of the team were great. The honorable names of thousands of engineers, builders, energy workers, miners and metallurgists who took an active part in the exploitation of resources in Kyzylkum were written in golden letters in the glorious history of the combine . The history of the city of Uzkuduk is connected with the opening of a uranium mine here. The discovery of uranium deposits in Kyzylkum, in turn, led to the establishment of residential areas here. The construction of the city of Uchkuduk began in the spring of 1956, and the first houses were built by the military in the form of barracks. By the decision of the Government of Uzbekistan No. 343 of September 1959, Uchkuduk was given the status of a city-type settlement. In 1960-61, a railway for freight and passenger trains was laid in Uchkuduk. Representatives of different nationalities, who were among the first to conquer Kyzylkum, worked bravely to build the city. In Uzguduk, another important issue, that is, the provision of basic types of fuel and energy resources for the stable operation of social sphere objects and economic sectors in the autumn-winter season, was considered urgent. Summary the largest enterprise of mining and metallurgical industry in the republic for the extraction and processing of minerals - Navoiy Mining and Metallurgical Combine was established and followed its path of development .
Download 27.73 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
|