Regular verb + -ed Play/start/open/finish/work/close/walk/use
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Regular verb + -ed Play/start/open/finish/work/close/walk/use Wash/cook/smile I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they played tennis yesterday. Did I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they play tennis yesterday? I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they didn’t play. Irregular verb Drive/speak/write/run/go/begin/bite I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they drove a car last week. Did I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they drive a car last week? I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they didn’t drive a car last week. Yes, I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they did. No, I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they didn’t. Elvis Presley, whose songs were very popular, died in 1977. Elvis Presley died in 1977. His songs were very popular. The report which you wrote was very interesting. The report was very interesting. You wrote it. Have you seen that new film which/that stars Nicole Kidman? Have you seen that new film? It stars Nicole Kidman. Past simple To be
Are – were Singular
I was happy yesterday. You were happy yesterday. He/she/it was happy yesterday. Plural We were happy yesterday. You were happy yesterday. They were happy yesterday. Is this the DVD which your friend gave you? Is this the DVD? Did your friend give it to you? Are these the DVDs which your friend gave you? Are these the DVDs? Did your friend give them to you? The nurse who looked after my granma was very kind. The nurse looked after my granma. She was very kind. The nurse was very kind. She looked after my grandma. r Yes, I am. Time – Payt: the year/the day/the week/the hour/the century/the season/the term – when The day when I saw you was Saturday. Reason – Sabab: why The reason why I was late is very funny. Place – O’rin-joy: where The school where I studied was very nice. Defining Non-defining or Extra-information Clauses The village where I was born is very big. D Aston villa, where I was born, is very big. N/D Subject Object Deteminer/Attributive Time Reason Place SUBJECT Who/that The boy is sitting over there. He is my cousin. The boy who/that is sitting over there is my cousin. The doctor works in a hospital. He is my neighbour. Which/that The dog is barking now. His name is Bobik. The dog which/that is barking now is Bobik. Object Who/that That is a student. I met him at university yesterday. That is a student who/that I met at university yesterday. That is a student I met at university yesterday. Which/that That is the car. I bought it last week. That is the car which/that I bought last week. That is the car I bought last week. Possessive Relative Pronouns My book/Tom’s book/Girls’ hats Whose That’s the woman. Her son is a driver. That’s the woman whose son is a driver. That’s the dog. Its tail is short. Am/is/are/was/were/do/does/did/have/has Had/will/shall/would/should/can/could/may/might/must… Positive tag I’m tired. Are you? ( So + auxiliary verb + subject. I’m tired. So am I. ( Negative tag Neither/nor + auxiliary verb + subject. I’m not tired. Neither/Nor am I. I’m not either. ( Positive sentence, negative tag? Negative sentence, positive tag? I have got, haven’t I? I have a dog, don’t I? General question: if/whether She asked: “Are you a student?” She asked if/whether I was a student. Specific question: who/what/how/how often/why/which/where… She asked: “Where are you going?” She asked where I was going. Who did you speak to _____? Who spoke to Tom? Where is the airport? Do you know where the airport is? Paul said that his new job is/was boring. Paul says that his job is boring. She said to me … She said … She told me … She told me: “Open the door”. She told me to open the door. She told me: “Don’t open the window”. She told me not to open the window. Have something done I reapired the roof by myself (alone). I had the roof repaired yesterday. Past simple: had something done Present simple: have/has something done Future simple: will have something done Past continuous: was/were having something done Present continuous: am/is/are having something done Future continuous: will be having something done Past perfect: had had something done Present perfect: have/has had something done Future perfect: will have had something done Past perfect continuous: had been having something done Present perfect continuous: have/has been having something done Future perfect continuous: will have been having something done Must/need/may/might/can/could have something done Hav/has/ought to have something done To have something done Having something done Get/gets/have/has something done Make/have somebody do Get somebody to do I had/made Ann write (bare infinitive) a letter yesterday. Ann was made to write (full infinitive) a letter yesterday. I got my mum to bake a cake. It is said that Ann is 100 years old. Ann is said to be 100 years old. It is said that Ann will be 100 years old. Ann is said to be 100 years old. Present/Future Simple – to do It is said that Ann is waiting Otabek now. Ann is said to be waiting Otabek now. It is said that Ann will be waiting Otabek tomorrow. Ann is said to be waiting Otabek tomorrow. Present/Future continuous – to be doing It is said that Ann met Otabek yesterday. Ann is said to have met Otabek yesterday. It is said that Ann has met Otabek recently. Ann is said to have met Otabek. It is said that Ann had met Otabek by the time we came. Ann is said to have met Otabek by the time we came. It is said that Ann will have met Otabek by the time we come next week. Ann is said to have met Otabek by the time we come next week. Past Simple/Present Perfect/Past Perfect/Future Perfect – to have done It is said that Ann was meeting Otabek at 10 o’clock yesterday. Ann is said to have been meeting Otabek at 10 o’clock yesterday. It is said that Ann has been meeting Otabek for two months. Ann is said to have been meeting Otabek at 10 o’clock yesterday. It is said that Ann had been meeting Otabek for two months by April. Ann is said to have been meeting Otabek for two months by April. It is said that Ann will have been meeting Otabek for two months by June. Ann is said to have been meeting Otabek for two months by June. It is reported that the worker of the plant injured two people in the explosion. The worker of the plant is reported to have injured two people in the exploision. I clean (transitive) this house every day. This house is cleaned every day. My grandfather gave this watch to me. I was given this watch by my grandfather. This watch was given to me by my grandfather. Doing – being done Having done – having been done To do – to be done/do – be done To have done – to have been done/have done – have been done I’m sorry you’re not well. I hope you feel/will feel better soon. I hope you enjoy your stay at this hotel. I wish somebody (Clause) – Imagination for the present or future I wish I knew her name. I wish Tom would buy my car. I wish Tom were/was here now. I wish somebody (Clause) – Imagination for the Past I wish I had known her name yersterday. I wish Tom had bought/ I wish Tom had been here now. Lack of ability I wish I could play the piano now. I wish I could have played the piano yesterday. Present Unreal situation The sames subject – Past simple for the present or future: I wish I had/went/were … Different subject – would do for the present or future: I wish Ann/Tom would go/travel… Lack of ability – could do for the present or future: I wish I could drive a car. I wish Tom could drive a car. Type 3
If I has seen you yesterday, I would have said hello to you. Wish sentence for the past The same subject – past perfect I wish I had seen you yesterday. Different subject – past perfect I wish Ann had come to the party yesterday. Lack of ability in the past – could have done I wish I could have gone London last week. It’s time to go home. It’s time for me/you/him/her/it/us/you/them to go home. It’s time I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they went home. Question: General – Tom asked: “Do you like coffee?” Tom asked if/whether I liked coffee. Special – what/who/which/where/how/when Tom asked: “Where are you going?” Tom asked where I was going. Imperative Tom ordered: “Open the book.” Tom ordered to open the book. Tom ordered: “Don’t open the notebook.” Tom ordered not to open the notebook. Shall I leave now? No, I should wait a bit. Or If I were you, I would wait. If there should be any problems, I sure we’ll be able to solve them. Needn’t have done Didn’t need to do I should do/I think I should do… Should I do?/Do you think I should do? I shouldn’t do/I don’t think I should do… I insist that Ann should apologize. I insist that Ann apologize. I insist that Ann apologizes. I insisted that Ann should apologize. I insisted that Ann apologize. I insisted that Ann apologized. It is essential Ann should be here on time. It is essential Ann be here on time. It is essential Ann is here on time. It was essential Ann should be here on time. It was essential Ann be here on time. It was essential Ann was here on time. I must wear a suit on my wedding. (Own decision) Nurses have to wear a uniform at work. (Obliged) Mustn’t do – strong decision (kerak emas) Don’t/doesn’t have to – weak decision (shart emas) Have/has to do – have/has got to do Have/has to do – present – do/does/don’t/doesn’t
Logical assumption/Degree of Certainty Sevinch is busy. She is at home. (100%) Sevinch must be busy. (95-99%) She must be at home. She can’t be at school. As soon as/after/before – simple tenses After I finish my job, I’ll call you. After I have finished my job, I’ll call you. After I had done my work, I went home. After I did my work, I went home. She has been teaching since she graduated from college. She had been teaching since she graduated from college. She has been a teacher since she graduated from college. She had been a teacher since she graduated from college. By the time he returned, I had typed ten pages of my report. By the time he returns, I’ll have typed ten pages of my report. The surgeon who was going to perform the operation fell ill yesterday. Was/were going to do – Negative Wasn’t/weren’t going to do – Positive Positive sentence, negative tag? Ann goes to school every day, doesn’t she? Negative sentence, positive tag? Ann doesn’t go to school every day, does she? Affirmative/Positive Sentence I have got a dog. I have a dog. You have got a dog. You have a dog. He/she/it Download 106.67 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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