S. T. Sanayev, E. I. Xamdamova, B. S. Mamatov

S.T.SANAYEV, E.I.XAMDAMOVA, B.S.MAMATOV


MEVACHILIK FANIDAN KURS LOYIHASINI BAJARISH

BO’YICHA USLUBIY KO’RSATMA

“Mevachilik” fani bo’yicha tuzilgan kurs loyhasi o’quv va ishchi o’quv dasturi bo’yicha tuzilgan bo’lib, talabalar nazariy bilim va amaliy ko’nikmalarga tayangan xolda ushbu uslubiy ko’rsatmani to’ldiradi.

Tuzuvchilar:

S.T.Sanayev-SamVMI Iqtisodiyot va agrotexnologiya fakulteti Dehqonchilik, meva-sabzavotchilik va uzumchilik kafedrasi mudiri, q.x.f.d., dotsent.

E.I.Xamdamova-SamVMI Iqtisodiyot va agrotexnologiya fakulteti Dehqonchilik, meva-sabzavotchilik va uzumchilik kafedrasi dotsenti, q.x.f.n.

B.S.Mamatov-SamVMI Iqtisodiyot va agrotexnologiya fakulteti Dehqonchilik, meva-sabzavotchilik va uzumchilik kafedrasi assistenti.

Taqrizchilar:

N.X.Xalilov-SamVMI O’simlikshunoslik va yem-xashak yetishtirish kafedrasi mudiri, professor, q.x.f.d.

O’.Mirzaxidov –Akademik M.Mirzayev nomli Bog’dorchilik, uzumchilik va vinochilik ilmiy-tadqiqot instituti Samarqand ilmiy tajriba stansiyasi katta ilmiy xodimi, q.x.f.n.

Kurs loyhasi “Dehqonchilik, meva-sabzavotchilik va uzumchilik” kafedrasining 2020 yil ___ ______№__sonli, fakultet uslubiy Kengashining 2020 yil ___ ______№__sonli, Iqtisodiyot va agrotexnologiya fakulteti ilmiy Kengashi tomonidan 2020 yil ___ ______№__sonli, Instituti markaziy attestasiya va uslubiy Kengashning 2020 yil ___ ______№__sonli yig’ilishida va Samarqand veterinariya medisinasi instituti ilmiy–olimlar Kengashining 2020 yil ___ ______№__sonli yig’ilishida muhokoma qilinib chop etishga ruxsat berilgan.

O’ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI

OLIY VA O’RTA MAXSUS TALIM VAZIRLIGI
SAMARQAND VETERINARIYA MEDITSINASI INSTITUTI
IQTISODIYOT VA AGROTEXNOLOGIYA FAKULTETI
DEHQONCHILIK, MEVA-SABZAVOTCHILIK VA UZUMCHILIK KAFEDRASI
MEVACHILIK FANIDAN KURS LOYIHASINI BAJARISH

BO’YICHA USLUBIY KO’RSATMA
MAVZU:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

BAJARUVCHI: “Meva-sabzavotchilik va uzumchilik” ta’lim yo’nalishi 3-bosqich ____-guruh talabasi__________________________________________
QABUL QILUVCHI: __________________________________________

SAMARQAND-2020

Fermer xo’jaligi manzili:____________________________________ viloyat ________________________tuman___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Talabaning manzili: ______________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Bajarilgan vaqti___ _________ 20__y. Himoya vaqti___ _________ 20__y.

Bajaruvchini imzosi___________________
O’qituvchini xulosasi:____________________________________________

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Yozib tayyorlagani va rasmiylashtirilgani uchun(40) ____

Himoyada talabaning ma’ruzasi uchun(30) ____________

Himoya vaqtida savollarga javobi uchun(30) ____________

O’qituvchining bahosi:________________Imzosi______________________

MEVACHILIK FANIDAN KURS LOYIHASI

REJASI
1.KIRISH……………………………………………………………………...…..

2.FERMER XO’JALIGI TO’G’RISIDAGI UMUMIY MA’LUMOTLAR.....

3.ASOSIY QISM: (meva va rezavor meva ekinlari sistematikasi, morfologiyasi, biologiyasi, navlarni yetishtirish texnologiyasi)……………………....

4.__________________________________________yetishtirish va hosilni yig’ish bo’yicha texnologik xarita tuzish…………………………………………...….

5.Meva va rezavor meva etishtirishning iqtisodiy samaradorligi......................

6.Meva va rezavor meva yetishtirishda kimyoviy moddalardan foydalanishning hayot faoliyatida xavfsizlik chora tadbirlari......................................

7.Xulosalar va ishlab chiqarishga tavsiyalar…………………………………...

8.Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar ro’yhati………………………………………...…

9.Ilova……………………………………………………………………………...

KIRISH

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2-jadval

Meva va rezavor meva ekinlarinig biologik, xo’jalik va botanik belgilariga qarab guruhlanishi

№	Botanik ishlab chiqarish guruhi	Ekin turi	Lo­tincha nomi	Hosil berish muddati	Yashash davri
1.	Urug’li mevalar	1. Olma 2. Nok 3. Behi
2.	Danakli mevalar	1. O’rik 2. Shaf­toli 3. Qaroli 4. Olxo’ri 5. Gi­los 6. Olcha 7. Jiyda
3.	Yong’oq mevalar	1. Yong’oq 2. Bo­dom 3. Pista
4.	Subtropik va sit­rus mevalar	1. Apelsin 2. Limon 3. Anor 4. Anjir 5. Tut 6. Xurmo 7. Chilon jiyda
5.	Rezavor mevalar	1. Qulupnay 2. Malina 3. Kri­jovnik 4. Smo­rodina
6.	Rezavor mevali ekinlar	1.Qulupnay 2.Malina 3.Kirjovnak 4.Smorodina
7.	Har xil tropik mevali ekinlar	1.Banan 2.Kivi 3.Ananas 4.Mango 5.Qovun daraxti 6.Non daraxti 7.Xurmo palmasi

2. FERMER XO’JALIGI TO’G’RISIDAGI UMUMIY

MA’LUMOTLAR

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2-jadval

FERMER XO’JALIGI JOYLASHGAN XO’JALIKNING AYRIM ASOSIY KO’RSATKICHLARI

Xo’jalikning yo’nalishi__________________________________________________

Umumiy maydoni, ga____________________________________________________

Shu jumladan haydaladigan, ga___________________________________________

lalmi________________________________________________________

Himoyalangan yer maydoni, ga___________________________________________

Ko’p yillik ekinlar yaylov, ga_____________________________________________

Boshqa yerlar__________________________________________________________

Chorvachilik___________________________________________________________

Qoramollar soni (bosh)_ _________________________________________________

Shu jumladan sigirlar___________________________________________________

Parrandalar soni_______________________________________________________

Baliqchilik_____________________________________________________________

Asalarichilik___________________________________________________________

Quyonchilik___________________________________________________________

Echkichilik____________________________________________________________

Yalpi mahsulot hajmi___________________________________________________

O’tgan yillardagi foyda yoki kamomad (sut) ________________________________

Shu jumladan o’simlikshunoslikdan_______________________________________

Chorvachilikdan _______________________________________________________

Boshqa sohalardan______________________________________________________

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3-jadval

Fermer xo’jaligi joylashgan xo’jalikda ekin mydonlari va uning tarkibi

Ekin turlari	Maydoni
	gektar	salmog’i, %
Jami ekin maydonlari		100
Shu jumladan: sug’oriladigan maydon, ga lalmi maydon, ga
Mevali bog’lar
Tokzor
Sabzavot ekinlari
Kartoshka
Pomidor
Poliz
Himoyalangan yer (isitilgan yer, parnik va issiqxonalar) maydoni
Tomorqa yer maydoni
Tutzor
Qo’riq-bo’z yerlar
Pichanzorlar
Yaylovlar
Yo’llar, kanallar, zovurlar
Boshqa ekinlar:
A)
B)
V)
G)
D)
E)

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4-jadval

O‘suv davridagi ob – havo sharoitlari va ko‘p yillik ko‘rsatkichlari

Oy	O‘n kunlik	Harorat, ^0C	Yog‘ingarchilik, mm	Quyosh yorug‘ligining davomiyligi
Yanvar
Fevral
Mart
Aprel
May
Iyun
Iyul
Avgust
Sentyabr
Oktyabr
Noyabr
Dekabr
Vegetasiya davrida

Ilova: Ma’lumotlarni yaqin orada joylashgan meteostansiyadan yoki meteorologiya punktidan olish mumkin.

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5-jadval

Fermer xo’jaligi tuproqlarining agrokimyoviy ko’rsatkichlari

№

Tuproq qatlamlari, sm

Gumus %

Yalpi, %

Harakatchan, mg/kg

pH

Quruq qoldiq, %

Umumiy ishqoriylik, %

N

P

K

N-NH4

N-NO3

P2O5

K2O

1.

0-30

2.

30-60

6-jadval

Fermer xo’jaliklari yer maydonlarini yo’qlama qilish jadvali

Yerdan foydalanuvchilar nomi	Jami maydon (bog’lanib olingan)	Shundan
		Haydaladi-gan yerlar		sabzavot ekinlari	kartoshka	pomidor	poliz	ko’p yillik o’tlar	mevali bog’ar	tokzor	tutzor	meliorativ holati og’ir yerlar	o’rmonlar	kanallar, kollektorlar, zovurlar	yo’llar	qurilish, saroy va maydonlar	himoyalangan yer maydonlari
		sug’oriladi-gan	Lalmi
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15		16	17

7-jadval

Fermer xo’jalikda almashlab ekish tizimi to’g’risida ma’lumotlar

Dala №	Ekinlarni navbatlanishi	Maydon, ga.	Haqiqiy hosildorlik, s/ga			Rejalashtirilgan o’rtacha hosil, s./ga
			20__	20__	20__
1.	Beda (1-yillik)
2.	Beda (2-yillik)
3.	Beda (3-yillik)
4.	Kartoshka
5.	Ertagi karam
6.	Poliz ekinlari
7.	Pomidor
8.	Piyoz

8-jadval

Fermer xo’jalikda asosiy ekinlarning hosildorligi

№	Ekin turlari	Yillar (oxirgi ikki yoki uch yil)
		20__	20__	20__	O’rtacha
1	Olma
2	O’rik
3	Shaftoli
4	Gilos
5	Behi
6	Uzum
7	Sabzavot ekinlari
8	Poliz ekinlari

9-jadval

Fermer xo’jalikda asosiy mahsulotlar rejasining bajarilishi (oxirgi uch yil)

№	Mahsulot	20__			20__			20__
		reja	haqiqat	%	reja	haqiqat	%	reja	haqiqat	%
1	Olma
2	O’rik
3	Shaftoli
4	Gilos
5	Behi
6	Uzum
7	Sabzavot ekinlari
8	Poliz ekinlari

10-jadval

Sabzavot ekinlarini zararkunandalari va zarar keltiruvchi fazalari

№	Zararli hasharotlar turlari	Zarar keltirish xolati (kemiruvchi yoki so’ruvchi)	Zarar keltiruvchi fazasi	Qishlovchi fazasi
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

11 - jadval

Xo’jalikning texnikaviy jihozlanganligi

№	Mashina yoki qurollar	Markalar	Umumiy soni	Shu jumladan ishga yaroqlisi
1	Kombayinlar
2	G’ildirakli traktorlar
3	Zanjirli tarktorlar
4	Pulug
5	Chezellar
6	Baronalar
7	Kultivatorlar
8	Telechkalar
9	Oziqlantirgich kultivatorlar
10	4 qatorli osma kultiva­tor-okuchnik
11	Chopiq frezasi
12	Piyoz seyalkasi
13	Poliz seyalkasi
14	Ko’chat o’tqazadigan 6 qatorli osma mashina
15	Kartoshka ekadigan mashina
16	G’alvirsimon piyoz kovlagich
17	Osma kovlagich skoba
18	Har xil tezlikda yuradigan yarim osma ele­vatorli 2 qatorli kartoshka kovlagich
19	Aktiv lemexli elevatorli kartoshka yig’ishtirish kombayni
20	Zararkunanda va kasalliklarga qarshi kurashish uchun apparatlar (OVX)

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3. ASOSIY QISM

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12-jadval

Meva ekinlari ko’chatiga bo’lgan talabni hisoblash

№	Ekin turi va navi	Maydon, ga	Ekish sxemasi, m	Ekiladigan joylar soni­	Rezerv 5%	Jami talab etiladigan ko’chatlar soni	Bir ko’chat narxi, so’m	Jami ko’chat bahosi, so’m
1.	Olma: shundan: Yozgi navlar: Kuzgi navlar: Qishki navlar:	30 5 10 15	8x6 8x6 8x7 8x8	625	32	657	150	98150
2.	Nok	1	7x6
3.	Behi	4	5x5
4.	O’rik	5	10x8
5.	Yong’oq	10	12x10
Jami:		50

13-jadval

Meva ekinlarini sug’orish samaradorligi

Sug’orish usuli	Sug’orish me’yori, ga/m^3	Mavsumiy sug’orish me’yori, ga/m^3	1 t mahsulot uchun sarflangan suv miqdori, m^3
Pol olib sug’orish
Hovuzcha shaklida sug’orish
Bostirib sug’orish
Jo’yaklab sug’orish
Tuproq os­tidan sug’orish
Tomchila­tib sug’orish

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14-jadval

Mevali bog’larni o’g’itlash me’yori va muddatlari

№	Daraxtlarning yoshi	Go’ng, t	O’g’itlarni foydalanish usullari
			jami			asosiy o’g’itlash			bahorgi o’g’itlash
			N	P2O5	K2O	N	P2O5	K2O	N	P2O5	K2O
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
1	Yangi bog’lar
2	Hosilga kirgan bog’lar
3	Keksa bog’lar
4	Intensiv bog’lar
5	Yosh tokzor
6	Hosilga kirgan tokzor
Fermer xo’jalik bo’yicha

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15-jadval

Mevali ekinlar hosilini chamalash

№	Ekin turi	Ekish usuli	Bir gektardagi tup soni	Shundan hosilli tuplar	Daraxt hosili						Chamalangan hosil, s
					1 tup	2 tup	3 tup	4 tup	5 tup	o’rtacha

16-jadval

Hosildor mevali daraxt joylashgan manzil holati va ta’rifi

_______________ ________________ _________________ __________________

(xo’jalik) (tuman) (viloyat) (daraxt turi, avlodi)
____________________ ______________________ ________________________

(ekilgan yili yoshi) (ekish sxemasi) (qatorlar, daraxtlar soni)
__________________________________ _________________________________

(yozish muddati) (talaba familiyasi va ismi)

Ekin turi va navi	Daraxt			Bosh tana		Mar­ka­ziy tana uzun­ligi	1-tar­tib ske­let shox­lar soni	1-tar­tib ske­let shox­dagi 2- tar­tib shox­lar soni	3-tar­tib ske­let shox­ning uzun­ligi va un­dagi hosil	Eng ko’p uch­ray­- di­gan hosil shox­cha­lar	Yil­lik o’simlikning o’rtacha uzun­ligi
	balandligi	shox-shabba diametri	shox-shabba shakli	balandligi	yo’g’onligi