Seminar-1 a system of interrelated intonational means which is used in a social sphere and serves a definite aim of communication is called… General phonetics

Seminar-1
1.A system of interrelated intonational means which is used in a social sphere and serves a definite aim of communication is called… General phonetics
2.Phonetics is also closely connected with a number of non-linguistic disciplines which study different aspects of speech production and speech perception, they are.. Physiology, anatomy, physics (acoustics)
3.What linguistic disciplines are closely connected with Phonetics? Grammar, lexicology, stylistics
4.Which branch of phonetics uses the methods of direct observation, whenever it is possible (lip movements, some tongue movements) combined with x-rays photography or x-ray cinematography, observation through mirrors as in the laryngoscopic investigation of vocal cord movements, etc… Articulatory phonetics
5.Which branch of phonetics borders with anatomy and physiology? Articulatory
6.Methods of analysis by instruments is called... objective method
7.Methods of analysis by sensory impression is called… direct observation
8.What method of phonetic investigation is based on the use of special technical devices, such as hand mirror, spectrograph, intonograph, oscillography, xray phography and cinematography, CD records, laryngoscope and others? Instrumental method
9.What methods of phonetic investigation do phoneticians distinguish when it is carried out without any other instruments of analysis than the human senses? Direct observation
10.Onomatopoeia as: ping-pong, cuckoo etc, may easily be observed in… Phonosemantics
11.Which branch of linguistics studies the connection between the sound form and the meaning? Speech sound,syllable,word stress
12.What components form the pronunciation of a language? Features of language and skills
13.Articulatory, acoustic, auditory and functional (social) are aspects of… speech sounds
14.The branch of phonetics which is concerned with the study, description and classification of speech sounds as regards their production by the human organs of speech is called… articulatory phonetics
15.The branch of phonetics investigating the perception process is known as… Auditory phonetics
16.Acoustic phonetics studies… the vibrant speakers mouth to listeners ear
17.Acoustic phonetics is sometimes called… experimental, instrumental, laboratory
18. The branch of phonetics investigating the perception process is known as… Auditory phonetics
19.The branch of phonetics that studies the functional (linguistic, social) aspect of speech sounds and all the other components of the sound matter of the language (syllabic structure, word stress and intonation) is called… phonology
20.Special phonetics is subdivided into… descriptive and historical
21.Special descriptive phonetics studies… the phonetic structure of language, its contemporary phonetic system
22.The study of the historical development of the phonetic system of language helps to understand… its present and prediction of future
23.historical phonetics is connected… with general history and the history of the people whose language are studied
24. Historical phonetics is closely connected with… comparative phonetics
25.Which division of phonetics deals with the larger units of connected speech as: syllables, words, phrases and texts… suprasegmental phonetics
26.Which division of phonetics is concerned with individual sounds (i.e. “segments of speech”)… segmental phonetics
27.What does the general phonetics study… the complex nature of phonetics phoneme and formulates phonetics law and principles
28.What does special phonetics study… the phonetic structure of a particular language
29.What does practical phonetics study… the substance, the material from of phonetic phoneme relation to meaning
30.What does theoretical phonetics study… mainly concerned with functioning of phonetics unit in the language
31.What branches of linguistics which are closely connected with phonetics do you know? Phonostylistics
32.Which branch of linguistics studies the phonetic phenomena and processes from the stylistic point of view? Phonostylistics
Seminar-2-3-4
1.What is the unit of phonetics? Speech sound
2.What is the unit of phonology? Phoneme
3.Phoneme is the smallest unit of… Language system
4.What methods can be used to discover phonemes? Method of minimal pairs
5.Who was the founder of the phonemic theory? L.A.Baudouin de Courtney
6.By whom was defined the phoneme as a “family” of sounds (phonetic similarity) D.Jones
7.By whom was developed and perfected the phonemic theory of L.A.Baudouin de Courtney?L.V.Shcherba
8.Who was the first to define the phoneme as a real, independent distinctive unit which manifests itself in the form of allophones? L.V. Shcherba
9.Who suggested the abstractional conception of the phoneme? Ferdinand de Saussure
10.Who viewed the phoneme as the minimal sound units by which meanings may be differentiated? N.S.Trubetshoy, L.Bloomfield
11.Prof. V.A.Vassilyev stated that a phoneme is a dialectical unity of three aspects: What aspect he mentioned about? 1)material, real and objective; 2)abstract and generalized; 3)functional
12.What do you understand by allophones? Allophones are realized in concrete words
13.What phonetic term do we mean by a distribution of the same phoneme? Complementary distribution
14Where can we observe the realization of allophones? Speech sound
15.Give examples of allophones which have phonetic similarity, but differ in some degree of differentiating words proposed by S.F.Leontyeva. labialized in the word twice in the word eighth post alveolar in try exploded in written exploded late
16.By subsidiary are called? The variants used in actual speech
17.Subsidiary allophones can be? Positional and combinatory
18.What type of allophones is the result of assimilation, adaptation, accommodation? Combinatory allophones
19.Give examples of positional allophones? L
20.What is an Orthoepic norm? receptive pronunciation or standart language
21.How many forms of a national language do you know and what are they? Standart language and stress rythlym
22.What is an accent? A variety of an which is distinguished or on way
23.What is a dialect? A form of a language that is spoken in a particular area
24.Dialects are distinguished from each other by? High tone/different tones
25.What standard regional types of pronunciation of the British Isles do you know? Nothern, Scotish, Irish, Southern
26.What types of pronunciation of the USA do you know? Western, Southern, Eastern
27. What is a Received Pronunciation? A national standard of the English language spoken in G.B
28.By styles of pronunciation we mean? Direct accent
Seminar-5
1.The branch of phonetics investigating the positions and movements of speech organs in producing speech is known as? Articulatory
2. The branch of phonetics investigating the physical properties of speech sounds as transmitted between the (mouth etc.) and ear is known as? Acoustic
3.The branch of phonetics investigating the perception process (hearing) of speech sounds is known as? Auditory
4.The acoustic (physical) properties of speech sounds consist of? Mouth and ear. Experimental, instrumental, laboratory
5.How can we define periodical sounds in acoustic aspect? Rhythmical musical tone
6.How can we define non-periodical sounds in acoustic aspect? Non-periodical noise
7.Voiced consonants are called? Lenis – soft, weak
8.Voiceless consonants are called? Fortis – strong, energetic
9.According to the position of the lips English vowels are classified into? Rounded and unrounded, labialized and non-labialized
10.According to the stability of articulation of articulation English vowels are subdivided into? Monophtongs (simple vowels) and diphthongs (complex vowels)
11.English diphtongoids are? Vowels in the articulation of which the organs od speech change their position very slightly
12.English diphthongs are? A complex sound consisting of two vowel elements pronounce for as to form a single syllable
13.English monophtongs are? A pure (unchanging) vowel sound
14.Strong, clear and distinct English diphthong is called? Nucleus
15.Rather weak English diphthong is called? Glide
16.From the acoustic point of view vowels are called the sounds of? Voice they have high acoustic energy
17.Vowels have no? abstraction
18.Sounds whose phonetic content is predominantly made up by the sound waves produced by their voicing are called? Phonorants
Seminar-6
3.(b, d, g, v, th, dg, m, n, ng, l, r, j, w, dz) consonants belong to? Voiced
4.(p, t, k, s, f, th, h, sh, ch) consonants belong to? Voiceless
5.(h, m ,n, ng, l, w, r, j) consonants are usually classified as ? fortis-lenis
6.According to the position of the active organ of speech against the place of articulation English consonants are classified into? Labial, glottal and lingual
7.Labial consonants are subdivided into? Bilabial and labiodental
8.Bilabila consonants are? B, p, m,w
9 Labiodental consonants are? F, v
10. Lingual consonants are subdivided into? Forelingual, mediolingual and backlingual
11. Forelingual consonants may be? Apical
12.How are the forelingual consonants classified according to the work of the tip of the tongue? Articulated (j)
13.Mediolingual consonants are? Produced with the front part of the tongue raised high to the hard palate
14.Velar or Backlingual consonants are? K, g, n
15.Glottal consonants are? H
16.According to the manner of noise production and the type of obstruction English consonants can be classified into? occlusive and constrictive
17.According to the manner of the production of noise consonants are divided into? Noise consonants and fonorants
Seminar-7-8
1.Labila consonants may be? Consonants in which one or both lips are active articulator
2.Bilabial consonants are produced when? Constrict airflow out of the mouth by bringing your lips together
3.labio-dental consonants are articulated with? The lower lip against to edge of the upper teeth. They are (f, v)
4.Two principal ways of joining two adjacent speech sounds are… 1.merging of stages, 2.interprenetration of stages
5.What types of modification are there in connected speech? Assimilation, elision, vowel reudstion
6.Assimilation can be of three DEGREES? Alveolar stops, alveolar fricatives
7.What types of assimilation do you know? Progressive, regressive, reciprocat
9.What type of Reduction do you know? Quantitave, qualitative
10.Lingual consonants are classified into? Forelingual, mediolingual, backlingual
11.According to the place of obstruction forelingual consonants may be? Inderdental, dental, alveolar, post-alveolar, palate-alveolar
12.Give examples to Interdental consonants or interdentals which are made with the tip of the tongue projected between teeth?
13.Give examples to Dental consonants or dentals that are produced with the blade of the tongue against the upper teeth? T, d
14.Give examples to Alveolar consonants or alveolars that are articulated with the tip against the upper teeth ridge? T, d, s, z, l, n
15.Give examples to Post-alveolar consonants or post-alveolars that are made when the tip or the blade of the tongue is against the back part of the teeth ridge or just behind it? (t,d) under the influence of the post-alveolar (r) (partially regressive try,dry) s,z become p.alveolar before (s)
16.Give examples to Palato-alveolar consonants or palate-alveolars that are made with the tip of the blade of the tongue against the teeth ridge and the front part of the tongue raised towards the hard palate, thus having two places of articulation? N
17.Give examples to Mediolingual consonant which is produced with the front part of the tongue. They are always PALATAL. Palatals are made with the front part of the tongue raised high to the hard palate? J
18.Give examples to Backlingual consonants that are also called velar, because they are produced with back part of the tongue raised towards the soft palate? P, b, m, w, k, g, n
19.Occlusive sonorants are? Complete of struction for the stream of the air
20.Constrictive sonorants are? Incomplete obstraction for the stream of the air when articulating organs are drown together
Seminar-9
1.The syllabic structure of English performs three main functions? Constitutive, distinctive and identificatory
2.traditionally there are four types of the syllable? Open, closed, silent and vowel-team
3.How many aspects has the syllabic structure of words? Articulatory, acoustic, auditory and linguistic
4.By what letters may graphically be represented the syllabic structure of words? V-for a vowel, S-syllabic sonorant, G-standing for consonant
5.A syllable which begins in a consonant is called? Optional, initial and final margins
6.A syllable which begins in a vowel is called? Syllable nucleus
7.A syllable which ends in a consonant is called? Closed syllable
8.A syllable which ends in a vowel is called? Open syllable
9.Divide into phonetic syllables the word bottle? Bot-tle 2 syllabbles
10.The universal syllabic structure in the canonical form is? Onset and nucleus (CV)
11. The limit for the number of syllables in English is?
12.Syllables in writing are called? Syllobographs
13.Functional differences between Vs and Cs are defined by their role in? library function
14.Bysillabic word (Ambisyllabic)?