Teaching the subject of classification of organic compounds toshbekova Dilnoza G’ulom qizi

TEACHING THE SUBJECT OF CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Toshbekova Dilnoza G’ulom qizi
Studend of Pedagogical University in Jizzakh
Supervisor: Sharipova Lobar
Polytecnic Institute in Jizzakh

Due to the fact that the Republic of Uzbekistan achieved its state independence, chose a unique path of economic and social development and implemented it, the level of training of personnel became relevant. There was a need to reform education so that the level of training of personnel meets the requirements of the time. Therefore, in 1997, the Law "On Education" and "National Personnel Training Program" were adopted in the Republic of Uzbekistan. In them, the main goal was to fundamentally reform the field of education, to free it from the ideological views and prejudices of the past, to create a national system of training highly qualified personnel that meets high moral and ethical requirements at the level of developed democratic countries. Topics related to chemistry are important in managing the basic requirements of our society as well as in our living. For example: in the use of energy resources in power sources, providing adequate guarantees in food, health care, developing responsibility in the areas that supply drinking water, the impact on all living citizens in modern society is important. As a result, they provide a critical reflection on the reason for disagreement on such a controversial issue and address important scientific grounds. Such judgments and decisions are made within individuals or groups in the society in which we live and work. Chemistry also offers many career opportunities.

It is known that by mastering the knowledge of the basics of chemistry teaches the methods and technologies of obtaining. Current science, technology and industry are rapidly developing, social, ecological situation Chemistry in schools in terms of content at a time when it is getting worse New teaching is a necessity on the one hand, and time on the other is a requirement.
The importance of chemical education at school is determined by its role in the development of science and technology, in the fields of production and in everyday life. By teaching chemistry in general secondary schools, students' scientific outlook, ability to think logically, they are given the necessary knowledge to form and grow their mental development, self-awareness potential, to inculcate national and universal values in them, and to continue their social life and education.
The issues of educational implementation are the same for all chemical sciences, but depending on the age characteristics of the holders of chemical education, knowledge levels, and on the basis of logical connection, the teaching of chemical sciences is carried out from simple to complex. The content of each chemistry subject gives rise to its interrelationship with other chemistry subjects and unique teaching characteristics.
Substances containing carbon atoms are called organic compounds. Humanity has been using organic compounds since ancient times
will come Organic compounds are derived from plant and animal organisms. Therefore, the science that teaches the chemistry of organic compounds is called "organic chemistry". Organic compounds - methane, ethane, ethyl alcohol, vinegar
An example is acid, sugar.
In the second half of the 19th century, a large number of substances that are present in plant, animal and human organisms began to be obtained synthetically. As a result of these syntheses, scientists found that the processes of obtaining organic substances obey the general laws of chemistry
Classification of organic compounds
Depending on the structure of the carbon chain, there are 2 major organic compounds
are divided into groups.
1 Open-chain (aliphatic, acyclic, or fatty) compounds,
2 Closed chain compounds (cyclic). Closed chain compounds
own in turn :
CH ₃ -CH ₃ , CH ₂ = CH-CH ₃ , CH ₃ -CH ₂ -OH, CH ₂ =CH-Cl
Ethane propylene ethyl alcohol vinyl chloride
a) Carbocyclic (closed chain formed only from carbon atoms
was)

b) Heterocyclic (in the formation of a closed chain of other elements
atoms are also involved) compounds.

Carbocyclic compounds:
Aromatic compounds.

Each series of organic compounds is divided into classes depending on their structure and composition. The simplest representatives of aliphatic and aromatic compounds are hydrocarbons. As a result of the exchange of hydrogen atoms and groups of atoms (functional groups) in hydrocarbons, certain classes of compounds of this series are formed. Hydrocarbons and their derivatives with a certain substituent or functional group form a homologous series. A homologous series is a series of compounds with similar structure and properties, the next term of which is different from the previous term -SN ₂ - group.
All organic compounds undergo different reactions depending on their homologous series and functional group differences. Derivatives obtained as a result of the reaction are widely used in pharmaceuticals, agriculture, microbiology and various fields.


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