Texnalogik qism


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texnalogik qism


Texnalogik qism.

Mis konsentratini ratsional tarkibini hisoblash.

Konsentratning kimyoviy tarkibi (%) quyidagicha:

Cu – 17.5; Fe – 20.2; S – 24.3; SiO2 – 23.0; Al2O3 – 5.5; CaO – 2.5; MgO – 2.0; boshqalar – 5.0.

Konsentrat tarkibidagi minerallar: xalkopirit – CuFeS2; kovellin – CuS; pirit – FeS2; pirrotin – Fe7S8.

Konsentratni ratsional tarkibi.

1.Xalkopirit miqdorini hisoblaymiz: misning 80% СuFeS2 minerali tarkibida deb hisoblaymiz;

17.5*0.8=14 kg (Cu)

CuFeS2 = 63.54+55.85+(32*2)=183.4

CuFeS2=14*183.4/63.5=40.4 kg

CuFeS2 dagi Fe miqdorini aniqlaymiz.

Fe = 55.85*14/63.5=12.3 kg

CuFeS2 dagi S miqdorini aniqlaymiz.

S=14*64/63.5=14.1 kg

2.Kovellin miqdorini aniqlaymiz.

Misning 20% CuS tarkibida 17.5*0.2=3.5 kg

CuS=63.5+32=95.54

CuS=95.54*3.5/63.5=5.26 kg

CuS tarkibidagi S miqdorini aniqlaymiz

S=32*3.5/63.5=1.76 kg

Pirit va pirrotin miqdorini toppish uchun qolgan temir va oltin gugurt miqdorini aniqlaymiz;

Fe=20.2-12.3=7.9 kg

S=24.3-(1.76+14.1)=8.44 kg

Bunda biz ikki nomalumli tenglamadan foydalanamiz;

x/Fe y=1.146x

55.85 S2

7.9 kg 7.9-x 64

Fe7 8.438-1.146x 8.438 kg

390.95 S8

246


20224-256x=3298.8-448x

192x=1776.4

X=6.648 kg

FeS2=6.648+7.618=14.26 kg

Fe7S8=(7.9 - 6.648)+(8.438 – 7.618)=1.25(Fe)+0.82(S)=2.07 kg (Fe7S8)

Mis konsentratining ratsional tarkibi.



1-jadval.

Mineral

Cu

Fe

S

SiO2

Al2O3

CaO

MgO

Boshq.

Jami

CuFeS2

14

12.31

14.1
















40.4

CuS

3.5




1.76
















5.26

FeS2




6.648

7.618
















14.26

Fe7S8




1.25

0.82
















2.07

SiO2










23













2.3

Al2O3













5.5










5.5

CaO
















2.5







2.5

MgO



















2




2

Boshqal.






















5

5

Jami

17.5

20.2

24.3

23

5.5

2.5

2

5

100

Sifatli kremniyli flyus ishlatiladi va tarkibi 15.3% FeO; 20% SiO2; 23.5% Al2O3;

25.2% CaO;15% MgO;boshqalar 1%.

Hisobni olib borishda Cu ning 98 % shteyn tarkibiga o’tadi deb hisoblaymiz.

17.5*0.98=17.15 kg (Cu)

50% shteyn deb oladigan bo’lsak jami shteyn miqdori:

17.15/0.5=34.3kg shteyn miqdori amaliyot malumotlariga ko’ra 50% metal shteynda 2% O2 va 23.7% S bo’ladi.

Bunga ko’ra shteyndagi temir miqdori:

(100-(50+2+23.7))=24.3%

Shteyn tarkibi: 17.15 kg (Cu 50 %), 8.130 kg (S 23.7%), 8.335 kg (Fe 24.3%),

0.686 kg (0.2%).

Shunda shlakga o’tadigan shlak miqdori: 20.2-8.335=11.865 kg.

Kvarsli flyus miqdorini aniqlaymiz bunda 30% li SiO2 bo’lgan shlak olish uchun olib boriladi, avtogen jarayon uchun harakterli hisoblanadi:

Jami shlak massasini x deb olamiz y – yuklangan qumli flyus .

Shlakni jami miqdori:

x=y+11.685*71.85/55.85+23+10 kg

10 kg bu yerda CaO+MgO+Al2O3

Ikkinchi hisobda balansga keltiramiz:

x=y+48


0.3x=0.2y+23

0.3x=0.3y+14.4

0.3x=0.2y+23

x=0.1y +8.6

y= 86

x= 86+48=134 demak x=134 kg y=86 kg.



Shlak tarkibi

Kg

%

FeO

15.03+86*0.153=28.188

20.035

SiO2

23+86*0.2=40.2

30

Al2O3

5.5+86*0.235=25.71

19.18

CaO

2.5+86*0.252=24.172

18

MgO

2+86*0.15=14.9

11.12

Boshqalar

0.83

0.619

Jami

134

100

Malumotlarga ko’ra shlakga nisbatan 0.6% Cu va 0.8% S bo’ladi shunda shlak tarkibi (%) da:

FeO 20.035 % ; SiO2 29.6%; Al2O3 19.186%; CaO 17%; MgO 11.12%; Cu 0.6%;

S 0.8%.


Bu shlak qayta boyitish fabrikasiga yuboriladi.

Shixta tarkibida namlik 0.1% bo’ladi miqdori:

(100+86)/0.999-(100+86)=0.1868 kg

Gazga chiqayotgan S miqdori:

24.3-8.13-1.072=15.1 kg (S)

Bunga kerakli O2 miqdori: 15.1 kg (O2) kerak

SO2 ning miqdori 15.1+15.1=30.2 kg (SO2)

Shlakga o’tishi uchun temirni oksidlovchi O miqdori:

15.03-11.865=3.165 kg (O2)

Jami kerakli O miqdori:

S ni oksidlash uchun – 15.1 kg

Fe ni oksidlash uchun – 3.165 kg

Shteynga o’tgani – 0.686 kg

19 kg


19/0.23*0.77=63.6 kg H2 keladi

Jami havo miqdori:

19+63.6=82.6 kg

Olinayotgan gaz tarkibi:

SO2 …….. 30.2 kg 10.57 m3

H2………. 63.6 kg 50.88 m3

H2O ………0.1868 kg 0.233 m3

94.000 kg 61.787 m3

Mis konsentratini Kislorodli mashalli eritish jarayonidagi material balansi.

2-jadval.



Material

balansi


Jami

Cu

Fe


S

SiO2

Al2O3

CaO

MgO

Bosh


O2

N2

H2O

Yuklandi

Konsentrat

100

17.5

20.2

24.3

23


5.5

2.5

7











Flyus

85.94




10.2




17.2

20.21

21.67

13.73

2.93







Havo

82.78






















19

63.6

0.18

Jami

268.72

17.5

30.4

24.3

40.2

25.71

24.172

20.73

21.93

63.6

0.18

Olindi

Shteyn

34.3

17.15

8.335

8.13












0.686








Shlak

135.28

0.175

22.07

1.072

40.2

25.71

24.172

15.73

6.165







Gaz

99.15

0.175




15.1










5

15.1

63.6

0.18

Jami

268.72

17.5

30.4

24.3

40.2

25.71

24.172

20.73

21.93

63.6

0.18

Issiqlik balansi.

Issiqlik kelishi.

1. Sulfidli temirning oksidlanishi: Oksidlangan temir miqdori (FeO) gacha:

11.865 kg

FeS+O2=FeO+SO2 +112440 kkal

1 kg Fe ni yonishidan chiqadigan issiqligi:

112440/55.85=2013 kkal 1 kg uchun

11.865*2013=23884 kkal

Temirni Fe3O4 gacha oksidlanishi shteyndagi

167.55/64*0686=1.8 kg

FeS + O2= Fe3O4 + SO2 +411640 kkal 1 kg uchun oksidlanishidan chiqadigan issiqlik

411640/(3*55.85)=2457 kkal

2457*1.8=4412 kkal

2. S ni oksidlanishi: hamma gaz holida kelgan S 15.1 kg shu jumladan FeS ni FeO gacha

11.865*32/55.85=6.8 kg

FeS ni Fe3O4 gacha: 1.8*32/55.85=1.03 kg

Dissotsiyalangan S miqdori:

15.1-6.8-1.03=7.27 kg S

Erkin S ni chiqishi:

2CuFeS2=Cu2S+2FeS+0.5S2

FeS2=FeS+S

Fe7S8=7FeS+S

Erkin S oksidlanishidan hosil bo’ladigan issiqlik miqdori:

S+O2=SO2+70940 kkal

70940/32=2217 kkal *7.27=16117.6 kkal

3. shlak hosil bo’lishidan chiqadigan issiqlik:

FeO+SiO2=2FeO*SiO2 + 7000 kkal

1 kg uchun 7000/(2*55.85)=62.7 kkal

Hammasi bo’lib: 62.7*27.07=1383.79 kkal

4. CaO ni shlakga o’tishidan chiqayotgan issiqlik:

CaO+SiO2=CaO*SiO2 +21500 kkal

1 kg uchun 21500/56=384 kkal

Hammasi bo’lib 384*24.17=9254 kkal

Jami ekzotermik reaksiyalar miqdori:

28306.27+16117.6+1383.79+9254=55062 kkal

Shixtaning fizik issiqligi:

25oC bunda 186*0.22*25=1023 kkal

55062+1023=56085 kkal

Issiqlik sarfi

Issiqlikning birinchi sarf bo’lishi 1 mol S ga 20 kkal deb qabul qilamiz, bundan

7.27 kg erkin S hosil bo’lgan bo’lsa

(7270/32)*20=454315 kkal

1 mol CaCO3 ni parchalash uchun kerak bo’ladigan 42500 kkal

1 kg CaO uchun 42500/56=766 kkal

Issiqlik sarfi CaCO3 ni parchalash uchun 24.172*766=18460 kkal

Endotermik reaksiyalar uchun issiqlik sarfi:

4543.75+18460=23003 kkal

1 kg konsentratni eritish uchun issiqlik sarfi:

(56085-23003)/100=330.8 kkal

1 kg shixtadan 330.8/1.86=178.85 kkal

Shteyn shlak gaz

1150 1250 1300oC haroratga chiqib ketadi.

Shteyn bilan ……..34.3*022*1150=8678 kkal

Shlak bilan ………135.1*0.09*1250=151990 kkal

Chiqib ketuvchi gazlar:

SO2 ….. 10.57*715.3=7560 kkal

N2 ….. 50.88*444.9=22636.5 kkal

H2O ….. 0.23+556.7=128.62 kkal

Jami issiqlik sarfi:

23003+178+54200=77381.74 kkal

Kladka orqali issiqlik yo’qolishi 4.5%.

Jami issiqlik sarfi:

77381.75/0.955=81028 kkal

Kerakli mashala miqdori:

81028-56085=24943 kkal

Olingan malumotlarni jadvalga kiritamiz.

Jarayonni issiqlik balansi.

3-jadval


Issiqlik kelishi

kkal

%

Issiqlik sarfi

Kkal

%

Kimyoviy reaksiyalar

55062

68

Endotermik reaksiyalar

23180

28.6

Shixtaning fizik issiqligi

1023

1.26

Shteyn

Shlak


8678

15199.0


10.71

18.75


Mashala

24943

30.77

Chiqib ketuvchi gazlar

30324

37.42










Kladka orqali issiqlik ketishi

3647

4.5

Jami

81028

100

Jami

81028

100

Pech hisobi.

Bu hisoblar eritish, tindirish apteyk va mustaxkamlash qismlari o’lchamlaridan kami chiqadi.

Pech maydonini topamiz;

F=Q/£ m2=1200/12=100 m2

Q-ish unumdorligi;

£-shixta nisbiy eritish;

Pech kengligi 8.5 m unda uzunlik L

L=100/8.5=11.7 m

Zarralar maksimal tushish uzunligi

X= 54r-0.4w+4=54*0.4x*20+4=12.2 m

r- gorelka radiusi

w- aralashma gorelkadan chiqish tezligi, m/s

eritish zonasi gaz muhiti hajmi (m3)

V=Q*QTB/B1

Q-soatlik ish unumdorligi 62.5

QTB – shixta issiqlik aralashishi

B1 – pech issiqlik kuchlanishi

60-70*103 kkal/m3*s.

Gazli muhit kesim yuzasi



V= 62.5*78000/7000=696.4


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