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The Adjective
What? What kind of? so’rog’iga javob b-b, predmet, narsa, shaxsning belgisini bildiradi. Tuzilishiga ko’ra 3 ga bo’linadi:
1)
Oddiy (asliy): big, short, deep, sharp, white…
2)
Yasama sifatlar: qo’shimcha qo’shib yasalgan, 2 xil bo’ladi: a) suffiks b-n: -al: natural, central, intellectual,
national, formal…; -ful: skilful, useful, doubtful, fruitful, beautiful…; -less: careless, useless, homeless…; -ous: various,
dangerous, famous…; -able: capable, changeable, eatable, comfortable…; -ible: visible, convertible, accessible…; -y:
dirty, cloudy, sunny, windy, foggy…; -ive: active, comparative…; -ish: Scottish, Polish, reddish, stoutish…; -ant, -ent:
resistant, important, different, insistent… b) prefiks b-n: un-: unhappy, unjust, unbelievable, unequal…; in-: invisible,
incomplete, incorrect, incredible, indirect…(l, r, m, p oldidan in- o’zgaradi: illegal, irregular, immobile, impossible… );
pre-: prehistoric, pre-war; post-: post-war
3)
Qo’shma sifatlar: hand-made, dark blue, first-class, snow white…
Sifatlar gapda sintaktik jihatdan aniqlovchi yoki tarkibli fe’l, ya’ni ot-kesimning ot qismi b-b keladi
He is selling black jackets. The black jackets are in the box. The jackets are black.
Word order: Ot oldida artikl, ko’rsatish, egalik, gumon olmoshlari bo’lsa, sifat qo’shilganda sifat oldiga o’tadi: the jackets
- the black jackets, my black jackets, some black jackets…
Ot oldida bir nechta sifat bo’lsa, fact (ya’ni dalil sifat) sifat otga yaqin turadi, oldin opinion (ya’ni faraz sifat) sifat
ishlatiladi: a beautiful young girl, a nice sunny day, delicious hot soup…
Bir nechta fact sifat bo’lsa: how big + how old + what colour+ where from + what is it made of + noun bo’ladi: a tall
young man, big blue eyes, a small black plastic bag, a large wooden table, an old Russian song, an old white cotton
shirt…
O’lcham va uzunlikni bildiruvchi sifatlar odatda shakl va kenglikni bildiruvchi sifatlardan oldin ishlatiladi:
a large round table, a tall thin girl, a long narrow street…
The degrees of comparison of adjectives:
Sifat darajalari 3 xil: Positive, comparative, superlative:
Sifatlarning darajalanishi nechta bo’g’inliligiga, qaysi harf b-n tugaganiga qarab turlicha ko’rinishda bo’ladi:
I.
Bir bo’g’inli sifatlar qiyosiy darajada oxiriga –er, orttirmada the +sifat+-est tarzida ishlatiladi:
sharp, cold, small, clean…
sharp – sharper – the sharpest, cold – colder – the coldest
II.
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