The Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan Fergana polytechnic Institute

The Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Fergana polytechnic Institute

"Teaching languages chair"

Report: "Academic fields and scientific researches"

student: group 70-18

G. Sirojiddinova

Supervisor: A. Abduvaliyeva

Fergana 2020

Academic fields and scientific researches.

Scientific researches are studies that should be systematically planned before performing them. In this review, classification and description of scientific studies, planning stage randomisation and bias are explained.

Research conducted for the purpose of contributing towards science by the systematic collection, interpretation and evaluation of data and that, too, in a planned manner is called scientific research: a researcher is the one who conducts this research. The results obtained from a small group through scientific studies are socialised, and new information is revealed with respect to diagnosis, treatment and reliability of applications. The purpose of this review is to provide information about the definition, classification and methodology of scientific research.

Before beginning the scientific research, the researcher should determine the subject, do planning and specify the methodology. In the Declaration of Helsinki, it is stated that ‘the primary purpose of medical researches on volunteers is to understand the reasons, development and effects of diseases and develop protective, diagnostic and therapeutic interventions (method, operation and therapies). Even the best proven interventions should be evaluated continuously by investigations with regard to reliability, effectiveness, efficiency, accessibility and quality’

Scientific research can be classified in several ways. Classification can be made according to the data collection techniques based on causality, relationship with time and the medium through which they are applied.

1. 
   According to data collection techniques:
   
   • 
     Observational
     
   • 
     Experimental
     
2. 
   According to causality relationships:
   
   • 
     Descriptive
     
   • 
     Analytical
     
3. 
   According to relationships with time:
   
   • 
     Retrospective
     
   • 
     Prospective
     
   • 
     Cross-sectional
     
4. 
   According to the medium through which they are applied:
   
   • 
     Clinical
     
   • 
     Laboratory
     
   • 
     Social descriptive research 
     

Exploring Academic Disciplines

Most college writing has some basic features in common: a sense of ethical responsibility and the use of credible and credited sources, critical thinking, and sound argumentation. In addition to these common features, each academic discipline, over many generations, has developed its own specific methods of asking questions and sharing answers. This chapter will show you how to use the lenses of various academic disciplines to develop your writing, reading, and thinking.

An academic discipline, or field of study, is a branch of knowledge that is taught and researched at the college or university level. Disciplines are defined (in part), and recognized by the academic journals in which research is published, and the learned societies and academic departments or faculties to which their practitioners belong.
However, there exists no formal criteria for when educational programs and scholarly journals form an academic discipline. There is a huge difference between, on the one hand, well established disciplines that exist in almost all universities all over the world, have a long history and a well established set of journals and conferences, and, on the other hand, suggestions for new fields supported only by few universities and publications.
Fields of study usually have several sub-disciplines or branches, and the distinguishing lines between these are often both arbitrary and ambiguous

Contents:

Humanities and social science, Anthropology, Archaeology, History, Linguistics and languages, Philosophy, Religion, The arts, Culinary arts, Literature, Performing arts, Visual arts, Economics, Geography, Interdisciplinary studies, Area studies, Ethnic and cultural studies, Gender and sexuality studies, Organizational studies, Political science, Psychology, Sociology, Natural sciences, Biology, Chemistry, Earth sciences, Physics, Space sciences, Astronomy and et.c