Uchun ona tili, chet tili, tarix, jismoniy tarbiya fanlaridan yakuniy nazorat imtihon materiallari va metodik

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1 2 3 4

(155 so ‘z. Rivoyatdan) Topshiriqlar
Jam i: 5 ball
To‘rtinchi savol boyicha baholash mezoni

BIR QARICH YER

Q a d ir n z a m o n d a b ir y u r t g a y o v b o s tir ib k ir m o q c h i b o ’ lib , b a -

h o n a iz la y b o s h la b d i. L e k in b u y u r t n i n g p o d s h o s i j u d a d o n is h m a n d ,

o q il v a t in c h lik s e v a r e k a n . U

d u s h m a n n in g n iy a tin i tu s h u n ib d i v a

b e h u d a q o n t o 'k i l i s h i g a y o i q o ’y m a s l i k u c h u n y o v n i n g la s h k a r -

b o s h is ig a o 'z i n i n g u c h q u r a r g ’u m o g 'i n i , y a ’n i z o td o r o tin i b e r ib d i.

A m m o d u s h m a n b u b ila n k i f o y a la n m a b d i. U y a n a u r u s h b o s h la y m iz ,

d e y a d a g ’d a g ’a q i lis h d a n t o ’x ta m a b d i. S h u n d a p o d s h o n i n g la s h k a r -

b o s h ila r i y i g ’ilib , « S h o h im , o ’z in g iz a y tin g , b iz q a c h o n g a c h a b u n -

d a y x o ’r l i k k a c h id a b , j i m q a r a b tu r a v e r a m iz , b u y u r in g , b i z l a r j a n g g a

k ir a y lik , y u r tim iz n i, s h a 'n - u g ‘u r u r im iz n i h im o y a q ila y lik » , d e b d i.

P o d s h o h y a n a b o s i q l ik b ila n , « Y o ’q , b e k o r g a q o n t o ’k ilm a s in » ,

d e b j a v o b b e r ib d i v a u r u s h n in g o ld in i o lis h u c h u n y o v la s h k a r b o s h i-

s ig a o ’z in in g tilla q ilic h in i i n ’o rn e tib d i. B ir o q , m a k k o r y o v b u b ila n

h a m k if o y a la n m a b d i. U e n d i p o d s h o g a : « M a m l a k a ti n g h u d u d id a -

g i h e c h n a r s a u n m a y d ig a n ta s h la n d iq y e r d a n b ir q a r ic h in i b e r a s a n ,

y o ’q s a x a lq in g n i q o n g a b e la y m iz » , d e y a d o 'q - p o ’p i s a q ilib d i. S h u n d a

p o d s h o q a t ’iy a tg a t o ’lib , q u r o l - y a r o g 'i n i s h a y la b , la s h k a r ig a q a r a ta ,

« Q a n i, k e td ik , e n d i j a n g g a k ir a m iz , c h u n k i V a ta n n in g b ir q a r ic h y e -

rin i h a m d u s h m a n g a b e r ib b o ’lm a y d i» , d e b k u r a s h g a o tla n g a n e k a n .

(155 so ‘z. Rivoyatdan)

Topshiriqlar:

1. M a tn m a z m u n in i s o ’z la b b e r in g .

2. M a tn r e ja s in i tu z in g .

3. O n a - v a ta n , v a ta n m e h ri

h a q id a o ’z f ik r la r in g iz v a m a tn m a z -

m u n i a s o s id a b a y o n y o z in g .

9-SINF TARIX

TUSHUNTIRISH XATI

“ T a r ix ” f a n id a n y a k u n i y a tte s ta ts iy a im tih o n la r i u c h u n t a k l i f e ti-

la y o tg a n m a z k u r to p s h i r i q la r u m u m iy o ’r ta t a ’lim n in g d a v la t t a ’lirn

s ta n d a r tla r i a s o s id a ta y y o r la n g a n . B u n d a to p s h i r i q la r b il e t la r d a a k s

e ttir ilg a n b o ’ lib , h a r b i r b ile td a t o ’r tta d a n s a v o l b e r ila d i:

1. J a h o n y o k i O ’z b e k is to n ta r ix id a m a v ju d b o ’lg a n b ir o r b ir

d a v la tn in g ta s h k il t o p i s h ig a o id s a v o l b e r ila d i v a o ’q u v c h i m a z k u r

s a v o l g a q u y i d a b e l g i l a n g a n b a h o l a s h m e z o n i a s o s i d a j a v o b b e r i s h i

k e r a k b o ‘la d i.

N a r n u n a u c h u n s a v o l: Q o r a x o n iy la r d a v l a t i n i n g ta s h k il to p is h i.

Birinchi savol bo‘yicha baholash mezonlari:

.

D a v l a t n i n g t a s h k i l e t i l g a n d a v r i y o k i s a n a s i n i t o ‘g ‘r i a y t a o l s a .

1 b a l l

2 .

D a v l a t g a a s o s s o l g a n s h a x s n o m i n i b i l s a ( a g a r a s o s c h i n o m i d a r s -

l i k d a b o ‘ l m a s a , b o s h q a h u k m d o r l a r n o m i n i s a n a s h l o z i m ) .

1 b a l l

D a v l a t t a s h k i l e t i l i s h i d a g i s h a r t - s h a r o i t h a q i d a m a ’ l u m o t b e r s a .

2 b a l l

4 .

D a v l a t p a y d o b o ‘ l g a n h u d u d n i z a m o n a v i y x a r i t a d a n k o ’r s a t a o l s a .

1 b a l l

Jam i:

5 ball

0 ‘z b e k is t o n v a J a h o n ta r ix i d a r s id a o ‘r g a n il a d ig a n d u n y o n i n g

m u m to z m e ’m o r c h ilik n a m u n a la r id a n b iri b e r ila d i. M a s a la n : T oj M a

h a l m a q b a r a s i.

Ikkinchi savol bo‘yicha baholash mezoni:

1.'

O b i d a q a y e r d a b u n y o d e t i l g a n l i g i n i t o ’g ' r i a y t s a .

1 b a l l

O b i d a q u r i l g a n s a n a s i y o k i d a v r i n i a y t s a .

1 b a l l

J .

O b i d a k i m y o k i k i m l a r t o m o n i d a n q u r i l g a n i n i t o ‘g ‘ri a y t s a .

1 b a l l

O b i d a n i n g q u r i l i s h u s l u b i v a i s h l a t i l g a n q u r i l i s h x o m a s h y o l a r i

h a q i d a m a ’ l u m o t a y t s a .

1 b a l l

O b i d a q a n d a y v a z i f a l a r b a j a r i s h i n i t o ’g ' r i a y t s a .

1 b a l l

Jam i:

5 ball

B i le td a g i u c h i n c h i t o p s h i r i q d u n y o ilm - f a n i v a m a d a n i y a ti g a

h is s a q o ‘s h g a n d u n y o a llo m a la r id a n b iri h a q id a g i s a v o l d a n ib o r a t

b o ‘la d i. M a s a la n : M u h a m m a d ib n M u s o a l- X o r a z m iy .

Uchinchi savol bo‘yicha baholash mezoni:

A l l o m a n i n g y a s h a g a n y i l l a r i n i y o k i y a s h a g a n d a v r i n i a y t s a .

1 b a l l

2 .

A l l o m a n i n g h a y o t i h a q i d a m a ’ l u m o t a y t s a .

1 b a l l

J .

Q a y s i f a n s o h a l a r i d a i j o d q i l g a n l i g i h a q i d a m a ’ l u m o t a y t s a .

1 b a l l

4 .

A l l o m a n i n g y o z g a n a s a r l a r i y o k i a m a l g a o s h i r g a n i s h l a r i d a n m i s o l -

l a r a y t s a .

1 b a l l

A m a l g a o s h i r i l g a n i s h l a r d a n a y r i m l a r i n i n g m o h i y a t i n i o c h i b b e r s a .

1 b a l l

Jam i:

5 ball

4 .

B ile td a g i t o ‘r tin c h i s a v o l u m u m t a ’lim m a k ta b la r i d a r s li k l a r id a

m a v ju d b o i g a n b i r o r b ir r a s m - illu s tr a ts iy a n i s h a r h la s h g a o id b o ‘la d i.

To‘rtinchi savol bo'yicha baholash mezoni:

R a s m g a o i d m a t n d a g i m a ’ l u m o t l a r n i t o ‘g ‘r i a y t s a .

1 b a l l

2 .

R a s m d a b a y o n e t i l g a n j a r a y o n n i n g d a v r i n i a y t s a .

1 b a l l

3 .

R a s m d a g i h o l a t q a y s i h u d u d d a b o ‘ l g a n l i g i n i t o ‘g ‘ri a y t s a .

1 b a l l

4 .

R a s m d a g i a s o s i y e l e m e n t l a m i t o ‘g ‘r i s h a r h l a y a y t s a .

1 b a l l

5 .

T a r i x i y r a s m y u z a s i d a n m u s t a q i l f i k i i a r i n i a y t s a .

1 b a l l

Jam i:

5 ball

Izoh:

H a r b ir y o ‘n a l i s h b o ‘y i c h a o l in g a n b a lla r y a x litla n ib (B u n d a

y a x litla n g a n b a ll 4 ,5 d a n p a s t b o 'l s a - 4 b a h o , y u q o r i b o 'l s a - 5 b a h o .

M a s a la n : 5 + 4 + 5 + 4 = 1 4 :3 = 4 ,6 y a x l i t la n s a 5 b a h o , 4 + 4 + 5 + 4 = 1 3 :3 = 4 ,3

y a x l i t la n s a 4 b a h o ) , y a k u n i y a t t e s t a t s i y a im tih o n i s in o v in in g y a k u n iy

b a li s if a tid a s i n f j u m a l i n i n g “ O 'z b e k i s t o n t a r i x i ” s a h if a s ig a q o 'y i l a d i .

E slatm a:

O 'q u v c h i la r g a b ile t o lg a n l a r id a n k e y in ta y y o r g a r lik

k o 'r i s h l a r i u c h u n 15, j a v o b b e r is h u c h u n e s a 10 d a q iq a v a q t b e r ila d i.

I m tih o n s a v o lla r ig a m a k ta b m e t o d b i r la s h m a s i q a r o r i b ila n tu z a -

tis h la r , q o 's h i m c h a l a r v a ta k lif la r k ir itilis h i m u m k in . I m tih o n to p -

s h ir is h j a r a y o n i d a o 'q u v c h i o ‘z f ik r in i f a q a t d a r s lik m a te r ia lla r i a s o s i-

d a e m a s , b a lk i b o s h q a m a n b a l a r g a ta y a n g a n h o ld a h a m b a y o n q ilis h i

m u m k in . S h u n in g d e k , ta r ix f a n i c h u q u r la s h ti r ib

o 'q i t i l a d i g a n s i n f

v a m a k ta b la r d a im tih o n b ile tla r i 5 t a s a v o ld a n ib o r a t b o i a d i . T a rix

fa n i c h u q u r la s h tir ib o ‘q itila d ig a n s i n f v a m a k ta b la r n in g im tih o n d a g i

b e s h in c h i s a v o lla r ig a ( q u y id a a l o h i d a b e r ilg a n ) m a k ta b m e to d b ir

la s h m a s i to m o n id a n t u z a tis h la r v a q o 's h i m c h a l a r k iritilis h i m u m k in .

S a v o l tu z is h d a u m u m ta ’lim m a lc ta b la rid a m a x s u s k u rs s ifa tid a o 'q i

tila d ig a n P r e z id e n t Is lo m K a r im o v n in g “ Y u k s a k m a 'n a v iy a t - y e n g il-

m a s k u c h ” , “ O 'z b e k i s t o n m u s t a q i ll i k k a e r is h is h o s to n a s id a ” n o m li

a s a r la r i h a m d a “ D u n y o d in la r i ta r i x i ” d a r s li k l a r ig a o id m a ’ lu m o tla r d a n

ib o r a t b o T a d i. B e s h in c h i s a v o l y u z a s id a n b a h o la s h m e z o n i h a m m a k

ta b m e to d b ir la s h m a s i to m o n id a n s h a k lla n tir ila d i.

1-BILET

1. T o s h k e n t b e k lig in in g ta s h k il to p is h i.

2 . T illa s h a y x m a s jid i.

3. M a h m u d x o 'j a B e h b u d iy .

4 . T o s h k e n t. E s k i s h a h a r ( 9 - s i n f O 'z b e k i s t o n ta rix i. 2 4 -b e t) .

2- BILET

1. Y u n o n - B a q tr iy a d a v la tin in g ta s h k i l to p is h i.

2. A b d u lla x o n m a d r a s a s i.

3. M u h a m m a d ib n M u s o a l- X o r a z m iy .

4 . P o d s h o q o ‘s h in la r i X iv a o s t o n a s i d a ( 9 - s i n f 0 ‘z b e k is to n ta r ix i

3 6 - b e t) .

3- BILET

1. Q o r a x o n i y la r d a v la tin in g ta s h k il to p is h i.

2. S h e r d o r m a d r a s a s i.

3. A l i s h e r N a v o iy .

4 . A h o lin in g tu r a r jo y la r i X I X a s r o x iri. ( 9 - s i n f 0 ‘z b e k is to n ta rix i.

5 7 -b e t) .

4- BILET

1. Y a n g i B o b il p o d s h o lig in in g ta s h k il to p is h i.

2. M ir z o U l u g ‘b e k r a s a d x o n a s i.

3. Z a h i r i d d i n M u h a m m a d B o b u r.

4 . B u x o r o h a r b iy q o ‘s h in la r i ( 9 - s i n f 0 ‘z b e k is t o n ta rix i. 3 0 - b e t) .

5- BILET

1. M u q a d d a s R im im p e r iy a s in in g ta s h k il to p is h i.

2. M ir A r a b m a d r a s a s i.

3. M ir z o U l u g ‘b e k .

4 . X a lq to m o s h a la r i ( 9 - s i n f 0 ‘z b e k is t o n ta r ix i. 1 4 -b e t).

6- BILET

1. B o b il p o d s h o lig in in g ta s h k il to p is h i.

2. S u lto n M u r o d b e k m a d r a s a s i.

3. I m o m a l-B u x o riy .

4 . T o s h k e n td a g i te m ir y o ‘l v o k z a li. ( 9 - s i n f O 'z b e k i s t o n ta r ix i. 5 6 -

b e t).

7- BILET

1. X i o n i y l a r d a v la tin in g ta s h k il to p is h i.

2. A l e k s a n d r m a y o g ‘i.

3. A h m a d a l - F a r g ‘o n iy .

4 .1 9 1 6 - y il T o s h k e n td a g i q o ‘z g ‘o lo n ( 9 - s i n f 0 ‘z b e k is to n ta rix i.

1 0 3 -b e t).

8-BILET

1. R im r e s p u b lik a s in in g ta s h k il to p is h i.

2. Is m o il S o m o n iy m a q b a r a s i.

3. A b u A li ib n S in o .

4 . T o s h k e n td a g i h a r b iy c h e r k o v ( 9 - s i n f O 'z b e k i s t o n ta r ix i. 5 4 -

9-BILET

1. K iy e v R u s i d a v la tin in g ta s h k il to p is h i.

2. L a b ih o v u z .

3. A b u M a n s u r a l- M o tu r id iy .

4 . J a d id m a k ta b i h o v lis i ( 9 - s i n f O 'z b e k i s t o n ta rix i. 8 7 -b e t) .

10-BILET

1. A s h t a r x o n iy l a r d a v la tin in g ta s h k il to p is h i.

2. N u r illa b o y s a r o y i.

3. M u h a m m a d A m i n x o 'j a M u q im iy .

4 . A s k a r la r n in g s o p o l h a y k a lla r i. S in S h ix u a n d i m a q b a r a s i ( 6 - s i n f

Q a d im g i d u n y o ta rix i. 7 3 -b e t) .

11-BILET

1. Q a d im g i U r a r t u d a v la tin in g ta s h k il to p is h i.

2. M in o ra i K a lo n .

3. A h m a d D o n is h .

4 . P a x ta n in g R o s s i y a g a j o 'n a t i l i s h i ( 9 - s i n f O 'z b e k i s t o n ta r ix i. 5 9 -

12-BILET

1. S a f a v iy la r d a v la tin in g ta s h k il to p is h i.

2. X e o p s e h r o m i.

3. S h e r m u h a m m a d M u n is .

4. T r o y a o t i ( 6 - s i n f Q a d im g i d u n y o ta rix i. 1 0 8 -b e t).

13-BILET

1. T u r k is to n g e n e r a l - g u b e r n a t o r l i g i n in g ta s h k il to p is h i.

2. G o ‘ri A m i r m a q b a r a s i.

3. B a h o u d d in N a q s h b a n d .

4. 0 ‘rta O s iy o lik ja n g c h ila r ( 6 - s in f Q a d im g i d u n y o tarix i. 1 2 0 -b e t).

14- BILET

1. R im i m p e r iy a s in in g ta s h k il to p is h i.

2. B o g ‘i D ilk u s h o .

3. A b u N a s r F a ro b iy .

4. T o ‘g ‘o n q u rilis h i. X I X a s r o x iri ( 9 - s in f 0 ‘z b e k is to n ta rix i. 6 2 -b e t).

15- BILET

1. X i v a x o n l i g in i n g ta s h k il to p is h i.

2. B a r o q x o n m a d r a s a s i.

3. M ir z o A b d u l q o d i r B e d il.

4 . B u y u k X i t o y d e v o r i ( 6 - s i n f Q a d im g i d u n y o ta r ix i.7 2 - b e t) .

16- BILET

1. T o s h k e n t b e k l i g i n in g ta s h k il to p is h i.

2. S in S h ix u a n d i m a q b a r a s i.

3. B e r d im u r o d Q a r g ‘a b o y o g ‘li - B e r d a q .

4 . J a z o q o ‘s h in la r i ( 9 - s i n f 0 ‘z b e k is to n ta r ix i. 6 3 -b e t) .

17- BILET

1. S a lju q iy la r d a v l a t i n i n g ta s h k il to p is h i.

2. T illa k o r i m a d r a s a s i.

3. N i k o l a y K o p e r n ik .

4. A k v e d u k o s m a q u v u r i ( 6 - s i n f Q a d im g i d u n y o ta r ix i. 1 5 2 -b e t) .

18- B1LET

1. T a y p in la r d a v l a t i n i n g ta s h k il to p is h i.

2. L u v r m u z e y i.

3. A b u R a y h o n B e r u n iy .

4 . A Q S H K o n s t i t u ts i y a s i n i n g q a b u l q ilin is h i ( 8 - s i n f J a h o n ta r ix i.

5 5 -b e t) .

19- BILET

1. S a la v k iy la r d a v l a t i n i n g ta s h k il to p is h i.

2. S h e r g ‘o z ix o n m a d r a s a s i.

3. A b u l g ‘o z iy B a h o d i r x o n .

4. M u s t a m l a k a c h il a m i n g q o ‘z g ‘o lo n c h ila r n i t o ‘p o g ‘z i g a b o g ‘la b

o tis h i ( 8 - s i n f J a h o n ta r ix i. 1 1 8 -b e t) .

20- BILET

1. A m i r T e m u r d a v l a t i n i n g ta s h k il to p is h i.

2. P iz a m in o ra s i.

3. B u r h o n id d in M a r g i n o n i y .

4 . T o s h k e n t k o 'c h a s i . X I X a s r ( 9 - s i n f 0 ‘z b e k is to n ta r ix i. 6 4 -b e t) .

21- BILET

1. X i t o y d a M in im p e r iy a s in in g ta s h k il to p is h i.

2. O z o d lik h a y k a li.

3. I s a a k N y u to n .

4 . T o ‘q im a c h ilik f a b r ik a s i ( 8 - s i n f J a h o n ta r ix i. 9 0 - b e t) .

22- BILET

1. Q a d im g i S in im p e r iy a s in in g ta s h k il to p is h i.

2. M u h a m m a d R a h im x o n m a d r a s a s i.

3. M u h a m m a d R iz o O g a h iy .

4 . Q o ‘z g ‘o lo n c h ila r n in g s h a h a r h o k i m ig a h u ju m i ( 9 - s i n f O 'z b e -

k is to n ta rix i. 6 5 - b e t) .

23- BILET

1. D e h li s u lto n lig in in g ta s h k il to p is h i.

2. E y fe l m in o r a s i.

3. M a h m u d a z - Z a m a x s h a r iy .

4. V o lo s t b o s h l i g 'i m ir s h a b la r b ila n . F a r g ‘o n a v ilo y a ti ( 9 - s i n f

0 ‘z b e k is to n ta r ix i. 6 8 - b e t) .

24- BILET

1. Y u n o n - B a q tr iy a d a v la tin in g ta s h k il to p is h i.

2. Toj M a h a l m a q b a r a s i.

3. A h m a d a l - F a r g ‘o n iy .

4 . P o lta v a j a n g i ( 8 - s i n f J a h o n ta rix i. 7 0 - b e t) .

25- BILET

1. S a f f o r iy la r d a v la tin in g ta s h k il to p is h i.

2 . U l u g ‘b e k m a d r a s a s i.

3. B o b o r a h im M a s h r a b .

4 . X i v a x o n l i g in i n g k o ‘c h m a n c h i a h o lis i. X I X a s r ( 9 - s i n f 0 ‘z b e -

k is to n ta r ix i. 7 8 - b e t) .

26- BILET

1. K o r y o d a v la tin in g ta s h k il to p is h i.

2. M in o r a i K a lo n .

120

3. B a h o u d d in N a q s h b a n d .

4 . B u y u k ip a k y o 'l i d a g i b o z o r ( 5 - s i n f T a r ix d a n h ik o y a la r . 7 0 - b e t) .

27- BILET

1. F r a n s i y a d a I - im p e r iy a n in g ta s h k il to p is h i.

2. S e m i r a m i d a o s m a b o g ‘la ri.

3. A h m a d Y a ssa v iy .

4 . B u x o r o a m ir in in g P e t e r b u r g g a ta s h r if i ( 9 - s i n f 0 ‘z b e k is to n ta r i-

x i. 9 7 - b e t) .

28- BILET

1. Y a n g i M i s r p o d s h o l i g in i n g ta s h k il to p is h i.

2. G e lio s h a y k a li.

3. A l e k s a n d r S e r g e y e v ic h P u s h k in .

4 . Y e rg a is h lo v b e r is h ( 9 - s i n f O 'z b e k i s t o n ta r ix i. 1 2 1 -b e t).

29- BILET

1. X i v a q o ‘n g ‘ir o tla r i d a v l a t i n i n g ta s h k il to p is h i.

2. G a lik a r n a s m a q b a r a s i.

3. A b u N a s r F a ro b iy .

4 . Q a d im g i B a q tr iy a u y q o 'r g 'o n i ( 5 - s i n f T a r ix d a n h ik o y a la r . 6 3 -

30-BILET

1. M a u r iy a d a v la tin in g ta s h k i l to p is h i.

2 . O q s a r o y o b id a s i.

3. D a n ie l D e fo .

4 . P o li t s i y a n i n g R i z v o n b i b ig a o ; q u z is h i ( 5 - s i n f T a r ix d a n h i k o

y a la r. 1 3 7 -b e t) .

CHET (INGLIZ, NEMIS VA FRANSUZ) TILI

U m u m iy o 'r t a ta T im m a k t a b l a r in i n g 9 - s i n f o 'q u v c h i l a r i u c h u n

c h e t t i ll a r d a n b o s q ic h li n a z o r a t i m ti h o n l a r i o g ‘z a k i ta r z d a o ‘tk a z ila d i.

B o s q ic h li n a z o r a t im tih o n la r in i o ‘t k a z i s h d a n m a q s a d o ‘q u v c h ila r n in g

c h e t til t a ’lim i b o 'y i c h a o l g a n b ilim , k o ‘n i k m a v a m a la k a la r in i a n iq -

la s h d a n ib o r a t. B o s q ic h li n a z o r a t i m tih o n la r in i o ‘t k a z is h d a o ‘q u v d a s -

tu rla ri a s o s i d a 2 5 t a b i l e t t u z i l ib h a r b ir b i l e t d a 2 ta d a n s a v o l b e r ila d i.

C h e t t i ll a r c h u q u r la s h ti r ib o ‘q i t il a d i g a n s in f la r v a m a k ta b la r u c h u n

q o ^ h i m c h a u c h in c h i t o p s h i r i q b e r ila d i. B ir in c h i s a v o l b i l e t la r d a b e -

r ilg a n m a v z u b o ’y i c h a m a tn n i o 'q i s h v a m a z m u n in i g a p ir ib b e r is h .

B u n d a

‘q u v c h i m a tn n i o 'q i b u n in g m a z m u n in i c h e t t i ld a tu s h in tir ib

b e r is h i k e ra k . I k k ita s a v o lg a t a y y o r g a r l i k u c h u n 2 0 d a q iq a v a q t b e

rila d i. M a tn h a jm i 3 5 0 s o 'z d a n ib o r a t b o ’is h i lo z im . B ile tla r d a b e r il-

g a n m a v z u la r b o ‘y i c h a m a t n l a m i d a r s li k l a r v a q o ‘s h im c h a a d a b iy o t-

la r d a n o lis h m u m k in . M a s a la n , m a tn q u y id a g ic h a b o d is h i m u m k in :

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

T h e p r o b le m o f e c o lo g y is v e r y im p o r t a n t to d a y , b e c a u s e w e liv e

in a p o llu te d w o r ld . P e o p le all o v e r th e w o r ld d is c u s s e n v ir o n m e n ta l

p r o te c tio n , b u t th e y s till c o n tin u e to p o llu te a ir, w a te r a n d s o il. P la n ts

a n d fa c to rie s a r e b e in g b u ilt n e a r r iv e r s a n d la k e s . T h e w a te r is fu ll o f

in d u s tr ia l w a s te a n d th is k ills a n im a ls , i n s e c ts a n d p la n ts .

T h e r e a r e

s o m e o r g a n iz a tio n s th a t w e r e c r e a te d to p r o te c t o u r n a tu r e f r o m p o l l u

tio n . T h e m o s t f a m o u s o r g a n iz a tio n is G r e e n p e a c e . It p r o te c ts a n im a ls

fro m d y in g o u t. T h e r e a r e s p e c ia l f a r m s a n d o r g a n iz a tio n s t h a t h e lp

w ild a n im a ls to s u r v iv e . P e o p le w h o w o r k in s u c h p la c e s f e e d a n im a ls

a n d c u r e th e m . T h e r e a r e s e v e r a l ty p e s o f p o llu tio n : a ir p o llu tio n , w a

te r p o llu tio n a n d s o il p o llu tio n .

Air pollution

is c a u s e d b y d if f e r e n t m e a n s o f tr a n s p o r t in b ig c i t

ie s . O u r c itie s a r e fu ll o f s m o g b e c a u s e o f h e a v y tra ffic a n d p e o p le n o

tic e th a t it is h a r d to b r e a th e th e re . C a rs , b u s e s a n d p la n e s a r e a m o n g

th e w o r s t a ir p o llu te r s . F a c to r ie s a n d p la n ts a ls o p o llu te a ir p o u r in g

h a r m f u l g a s e s a n d s m o k e in to th e a ir a n d th a t c a u s e s lu n g d is e a s e s

a m o n g p e o p le a n d d o e s h a r m to o u r h e a lth . A c id r a in s th a t a p p e a r

b e c a u s e o f a ir p o l l u ti o n d a m a g e f o r e s ts a n d so il.

L itte r is g a r b a g e - lik e f o o d , p a p e r, a n d c a n s - o n th e g r o u n d o r in th e

s tre e t. W h e re p e o p le liv e to g e th e r , litte r is a p r o b le m . P e o p le d o n ’t

a lw a y s p u t t h e i r g a r b a g e in th e g a r b a g e c a n . I t ’s e a s ie r to d r o p a p a p e r

th a n to fin d a g a r b a g e c a n f o r it. B u t litte r is u g ly . It m a k e s th e c ity

l o o k d irty , a n d s p o ils th e v ie w .

T ire w in d b lo w s p a p e rs fa r aw ay. O fte n th e y are d ifficu lt to catch . W h e n

th e y b lo w a g a in st a fe n c e , th ey stay there. T h is fen ce is a w all o f g a rb a g e .

L itte r is a h e a lth p r o b le m , to o . F o o d a n d g a r b a g e b r in g a n im a ls ,

w h i c h s o m e tim e s c a r r y d is e a s e .

S o m e p e o p le w a n t to c o n tr o l litte r. T h e y n e v e r th r o w litte r t h e m

s e lv e s , a n d s o m e tim e s th e y w o r k t o g e t h e r in g r o u p s t o c le a n u p th e

c ity . I n m o s t p l a c e s litte r is a g a in s t th e la w . T h e la w p u n is h e s p e o p le

g o t h r o w g a r b a g e o n th e s tr e e ts . T h e y u s u a lly p a y a fin e , a n d o c c a

s io n a lly th e y g o to ja il.

U s h b u m a tn 3 5 0 s o ‘z d a n ib o r a t. B u n d a o ‘q u v c h i: « 5 » b a ll o lis h i

u c h u n u s h b u m a tn m a ’n o s in i 10 t a d a n k a m b o T m a g a n g a p la r o r q a li

t u s h u n tir ib b e r is h i k e r a k . 0 ‘q u v c h i l a r n in g o lg a n b ilim , k o ‘n ik m a v a

m a la k a la r in i b a h o la s h u c h u n m a t n m a ’n o s in i tu s h u n t ir ib b e r is h d a is h -

la tg a n g a p la r i s o o i h is o b g a o lin a d i. G a p la r g r a m m a ti k v a fo n e tik q o i-

d a la r a s o s id a t o ‘g ‘ri v a to T iq , m a v z u d a n c h e tl a s h m a g a n v a m a n tiq a n

b ir-b iri b ila n b o g f ia n g a n b o T i s h i k e r a k .

Ikkinchi savol

b il e t la r d a k o ‘r s a ti l g a n m a v z u l a r y u z a s id a n s u h -

b a tla s h is h . B u n d a o ‘q u v c h i s h u m a v z u y u z a s id a n o ‘z q iz iq is h la r i v a

f ik r la r in i c h e t t ild a e r k in b a y o n e tis h i k e r a k . 0 ‘q u v c h i to m o n id a n

b i l d ir il g a n f ik r la r g r a m m a tik j i h a t d a n t o ‘g ‘ri tu z i l g a n l i g i, f o n e tik j i -

h a td a n t o ‘g ‘ri ta la f f u z e tilg a n lig i, n u tq i n in g r a v o n li g i , m a v z u d a n

c h e tla s h m a g a n lig i v a b ild ir il g a n f i k r la r n in g m a n t i q a n b ir -b iri b ila n

b o g T iq lig i h is o b g a o lin a d i. F ik r l a r b a y o n e t i l a y o t g a n d a s o ‘z b ir ik -

m a la r in in g n o t o ‘g ‘ri i f o d a l a n is h i , g r a m m a tik v a f o n e tik q o id a la r g a

r io y a q i l m a s li k h o lla ri b ir g a p n i n g o ‘z i d a ik k i v a u n d a n o rtiq k u z a -

tils a , o ‘s h a g a p h is o b g a o l i n m a y d i. 0 ‘q u v c h i m a v z u n i y o r itib b e r a o l-

m a s a o ‘q itu v c h i o ‘q u v c h i g a m a v z u y u z a s id a n 3 ta s a v o l b e r is h i m u m -

k in . H a r b ir b e r ilg a n s a v o l g a j a v o b 5 b a llik tiz im a s o s id a b a h o la n a d i.

M a s a la n : 1- s a v o lg a 3 b a ll, 2 - s a v o lg a 5 b a ll q o ‘y ils a , b a h o la r u m u m -

la s h tir ilib , o ‘r ta c h a b a ll c h i q a r i la d i. 3 + 5 = 8 : 2 = 4 b a ll. 0 ‘q u v c h ila r n i

b a h o l a s h d a b a ll u l a r e g a ll a s h la r i lo z im b o T g a n b ilim , k o ‘n ik m a v a

m a l a k a la r d a n k e lib c h iq ib b e l g ila n a d i.

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