Uzbekistan is my motherland

Uzbekistan is my motherland

Monuments of material culture and archeological finds provide information about the most ancient history of Uzbekistan. Mil. av. Manuscripts of the 1st millennium, the sacred of the Zoroastrians, the Avesto, and the books of the Achaemenid period (Bihistun, Naqshi Rustam, and review) contain information about the nature and peoples of Turan and Movarounnahr. Information about the ancient history of Uzbekistan can be found in the written sources of Herodotus, Xenophon, Ctesias, Polybius, Diodorus, Strabo, Cursius Ruth, Bina, Chinese, Armenian and Arabic authors. Treatment of centuries Information on the history of economic, economic, social and spiritual life of Uzbekistan was compiled on the basis of manuscripts written by palace chroniclers, historians, khans and kings. In medieval historiography, Bayhaqi's "History of Bayhaqi", Nasavi's "Siyrat as-Sultan Jalal ad-Din Mankburni", Nizamiddin's "Zafarnoma", Sharafuddin Ali Yazdi's "Zafarnoma", Fazlullah ibn Ruzbehoni's "Abdomkhan" Works such as "History of Muqimkhani", "Ubaydullanoma" by Muhammad Amin Bukhari were created.

Yakubi's "Kitab albuldon" ("The Book of Countries"), Tabari's "History of Tabari", Beruni's "Monuments of Ancient Peoples"; Rare manuscripts on the history of a particular region, such as the regional-style Narshakhiynpng "History of Bukhara", Nasafiynshsh "Kitab alqand fi tarihi Samarkand" ("Kanddek book about the history of Samarkand"), include the geographical location of Central Asian states, major cities and populations, lifestyles and trainings, caravan routes, wars, riots, socio-economic and social life.

Medieval historiography deals in detail with the history of Amir Temur and the Timurids. Management at that time "Temur's Statutes", Nizamiddin Shami's "Zafarnoma", Sharafuddin Ali Yazdi's "Zafarnoma"; Abdurazzaq Samarkandi's Matlaʼ us sadayn va majmaʼ ulbahrayn (The Work of Two Blessed Stars and the Joint of Two Seas); Mirkhand's Ravzat Ussafo on the formation of Amir Temur and the Temurid Empire, domestic and foreign policy, and the important socio-economic and cultural life of the country. data are given.

In the Middle Ages, Farobi's "City of Noble People", Yusuf Khos Hajib's "Qutadgu bilig", Nizamulmulkniit's "Politics", Khandamiri's "Program alvuzaro", Muhammad Bokirkhan's "Muvazayi Jahongiri" were published.

With the emergence of three independent khanates in Central Asia - Bukhara, Khiva and Kokand, in the 17th and 19th centuries, works dedicated to their history were created under special conditions. Schools of historiography with their own style and traditions have been formed. The history of Bukhara and Khiva khanates is widely covered in Abulgaz Bahodirkhan's works "Shajarayi turk" and "Shajarayi tarokima", Muhammad Amin Bukhari, Muhammad Sharif, Mirzo Shams Bukhari, Munis, Ogahi, Bayani.

The history of Kokand khanate is described in the works of Muhammad Salih Tashkendi, Muhammad Hakim, Avaz Muhammad, Niyaz Muhammad, Mulla Olim Makhdumhoji. Details of possible Russian conquests of Central Asia, battles, Russian colonial policy, the second half of the 19th century - early 20th century are given in the works of Ahmad Donish, Mirzo Abdulazim Somi Bostoni, Mirzo Salimbek on the history of Bukhara. According to the traditions of medieval historiography, information about economic, social, economic, spiritual life, foreign relations, although not carried out in the prescribed manner, we see valuable information for various aspects of society.

This manuscript shows that historical works were written in the order in which they were written by the progressive thinkers of their time, without going through the chairmen of the rulers of that time, and influenced the peculiarities of their time and environment, modern order, and state of mind.

In their memoirs, travel memoirs, and reports, servicemen, diplomats, tourists, and merchants, commissioned by the Russian government in connection with Russia's policy of invading Central Asia in the second half of the 19th century, wrote in their memoirs, travel memoirs, and reports on the history of the country and its people. paid and recorded information on socio-economic and economic status, material wealth (eg, N. Muravyev's "Puteshestviye v Turkmeniyu i Khivu v 1819 i 1820 gg.", 1822; G. Meyendorf's "Puteshestviye iz Orenburg v Bukhara va v. 1820 godu", 1826; N. Khanikov's "Description of Bukhara Khanate", 1843; NI Veselovsky's "Essays on the Historical and Geographical Information of the Khivinsk Khanate from Ancient Times to the Present", 1877; M. Terentyev's 3-volume "Protocol of 1906";With the transformation of Central Asia into a Russian colony, colonial regimes have had an impact on the scope and subject matter of history. Most of the above-mentioned works of Russian historians on the history of Central Asia, including Uzbekistan, are characterized by their one-sidedness, intended to serve the interests of the metropolis. The Tsarist administration allocated a certain amount of money, considering that its history would serve its interests. At the same time, it is possible to observe the tendency of advanced Russian scholars and orientalists to conduct research on the history of Central Asia for the benefit of science. In 1895, the Turkestan Amateur Archeology Circle was established in Tashkent. It operated until the October Revolution and taught history, archeology, numismatics, and ethnography. made a significant contribution to the study of Indigenous amateur orientalists, collectors of oriental manuscripts, Qad. The establishment of the Tashkent State Library (1870) by Abu Said Mahzum, Mirzo Abdurahmon, Akrom Polvon Askarov and others was an important impetus for the work of local historians and scholars. An important part of this library is the "Collection of Turkestan" (594 volumes), a collection of articles, works, newspapers and magazines on the history of Central Asia and Turkestan, compiled by the bibliographer VI Mejov. The Faculty of Oriental Studies of St. Petersburg has made a significant contribution to the historical and cultural study of Uzbekistan. By this time a group of local researchers had formed. VL Vyatkin opened the Ulugbek Observatory in the process of studying the monuments of Samarkand. V. V. Bartold qad. Using the manuscripts, he created works on the history of Central Asia and Uzbekistan ("Turkestan in the epoch of the Mongolian people", 1898-1900; others).

At the beginning of the 20th century, the national periodicals "Sadoi Fartna", "Sadoi Turkiston", "Oyna", "Najot", and "Hurriyat" began to publish the first tricks on the problems of the history of Uzbekistan. The authors of these articles are representatives of the Jadid movement, which focuses on the development of the country, the development of the nation, the role of history in understanding identity. In particular, the study of historical problems played an important role in the work of Mahmudhoja Behbudi. Behbudi emphasizes the unique role of history in the development of a perfect human being and in the management of society. In his works "History and Geography", "History of Turkestan", "The word Sart is unknown" he speaks about the need to know not only the history of the homeland, but also the history of Europe and the world. His statement, "Mazi is the scales of the future," has proved its worth in the course of history. Behbudi's historical-scientific views are a unique scientific program for the history of Uzbekistan and its creation.

With the October Revolution, the development of the forms and methods, goals and objectives, and methodology of the organization of the history of the Soviet system, based on the essence of the Soviet system, was promoted. The ideology of the Communist Party focused on party history, the abolition of schools of historical research, the rapid politicization and ideologicalization of the science of history, the emergence of the principle of "uniformity" in methodology, and the rule that "history is created by the class itself."

Despite the contradictions of the totalitarian system, in such a complex environment, with the emergence of history in the higher education system, the training of qualified historians began. The organizational foundations of the science of history have been strengthened. Central Asian State Flour, Samarkand Higher Ped. Manuscripts, endowments and certificates were collected and scientifically interpreted at the institute.

Abdurauf Fitrat made a significant contribution to the development of historical science. He published a number of foundation documents on the history of agrarian irrigation in Uzbekistan (eg, Three Documents on Agrarian Issues in Central Asia, L., 1933; Kaziyskiye Document of the 16th Century, History, 1937).

In the development of historical science in Uzbekistan prof. Bulat Soliev has a special place. Bulat Soliev was the first researcher to try to create a generalized work on national history. He collected and critically used various and numerous works of ancient, medieval and modern historians, as well as information from oriental manuscripts, in his book “History of Uzbekistan. He wrote the books "The first half of the XV-XIX centuries", "Bukhara during the Mangit dynasty" (1926), "History of Central Asia", "Trade capital in Central Asia". Unfortunately, most of his works were burned by the NKVD, and he, along with many of Uzbekistan's leading national intellectuals, fell victim to Stalinist repression. This policy, of course, had a negative effect on the development of history..