Weak Derivatives


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Lecture26


Yuliya Gorb

Weak Derivatives

Lecture 26

November 26, 2013

Lecture 26

Weak Derivatives



Yuliya Gorb

Weak Derivatives

Suppose Ω ⊂ R

n

is an open set.



Definition

A function f ∈ L

1

loc


(Ω) is weakly differentiable w.r.t. x

i

if there exists a function



g

i



L

1

loc



(Ω) s.t.

Z



f

∂φ

∂x



i

dx

= −



Z

g



i

φ dx,


for all φ ∈ C

c



(Ω).

The function g

i

is called the



weak ith partial derivative

of f , and denoted

∂f

∂x

i



.

Since C


c

(Ω) is dense in L



1

loc


(Ω), the weak derivative of a function, if it exists,

is

unique



up to pointwise (p.w.) almost everywhere (a.e.) equivalence.

The weak derivative of a continuously differentiable function coincides with the

p.w. derivative.

However, the existence of a weak derivative is not equivalent to the existence

of a p.w. derivative a.e.

Lecture 26

Weak Derivatives


Yuliya Gorb

Weak Derivatives (cont.)

Definition

Suppose that α ∈ N

n

0

is a multi-index. A function f ∈ L



1

loc


(Ω) has

weak derivative D

α

f

=



α

f



∂x

α

i



∈ L

1

loc



(Ω) if

Z



α

f



∂x

α

i



φ dx

= (−1)


|α|

Z



f

α



φ

∂x

α



i

dx

,



for all φ ∈ C

c



(Ω).

Lecture 26

Weak Derivatives


Yuliya Gorb

Examples


Ex. 1 (n=1): Continuous function and weakly differentiable

Consider f (x) = |x| ∈ C (R). Then f is weakly differentiable, with

f



(x) =



(

−1,


x

<

0

1,



x

≥ 0


Ex. 2 (n=1): Discontinuous function f : R → R

The function

f

(x) =


(

−1, x < 0

1,

x

≥ 0



is

not


weakly differentiable.

Lecture 26

Weak Derivatives


Yuliya Gorb

Examples (cont.)

Ex. 3 (n=1): Continuous but not weakly differentiable

Consider a continuous function that is p.w. differentiable a.e. but

does not have a weak derivative:

the


Cantor function

c

(x) ∈ C [0, 1]



Ex. 4: n-dim

For a ∈ R define f : R

n

→ R by


f

(x) =


1

|x|


a

is weakly differentiable if a + 1 < n with weak derivative

∂f

∂x

i



(x) = −

a

|x|



a

+1

x



i

|x|


Lecture 26

Weak Derivatives



Yuliya Gorb

References

Evans pp. 256–258

Lecture 26



Weak Derivatives

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  • Yuliya Gorb

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