293–294nn.9,10
international organizations
membership, 184, 192
MRAs, 183
international recognition, 202
international standards, 84
accreditation, 180–182
Latin America, 139–141
membership, 139
national standards and, 140
participation, 141–142
process, 87
International Telecommunication Union
(ITU), 84, 86
international trade, standards and, 32–41
investment climate, Turkey, 234, 235,
266n.2
J
jurisdiction, 51–61
L
labor productivity, UK, 30
laboratories
accreditation process, time required, 177
international comparison, 191–192
Latin America
accreditation, 171–184
certifi cation, 149–170
metrology, 185–192
registration costs, 113
standardization, 127–147
law
rule of, 203
NMI, 78
leather personal digital assistants (PDA)
covers, 7
legal metrology, 78–80
benefi ts, 79–80
institutions, 185–189
international cooperation, 96
organization, 80, 185–189
M
management system certifi cation bodies,
number of accreditations, 178
mandatory standards, 33, 52, 56, 60–61,
211, 261n.5
Latin America, 135–136
Mexico, 220
manufacturing, 2–4, 261n.1
calibration, 250
exports, global vs regional, 3, 4
ISO 9000 diffusion, 165
ISO 9001 certifi cates, number, 155
Turkey, 240, 250
value added, 154–155
market factors
certifi cation, 115–119
ISO 9000 diffusion, 162–165
markets, 6
failures, 55
forces, 53
player types, 118–119
requirements, changing, 46–49
sponsored standards, 52
standards, 51–52
measurement standards, 13, 16, 26–27, 74
key and supplementary, 251
laboratories, 92, 263n.6
traceability, 64, 75, 208, 262n.7
see also calibration
Measurement Canada, 79–80
Mercosur, 145–146, 265n.6
metrology, 74–80, 207–209
activities, 189–190
costs, 78
government support, 208
health care, 77
infrastructure, 76
institutional framework, 250–251
international cooperation and
recognition, 190–192
international integration, 209
Latin America, 185–192
legal, 78–80, 96, 185–189
manufacturing, 250
Mexico, 219, 222, 224
organization, 207–208
policy recommendations, 251–252
scientifi c, 74–78, 185–189
Turkey, 234–235, 249–250, 259
see also national metrology institutes
Mexico
accreditation 219, 224–228
certifi cation, testing, calibration, and
inspection, 219, 228–232
framework, 219–220
286 Quality Systems and Standards for a Competitive Edge
Mexico— continued
ISO 9001 adoption and fi rm size, 166
metrology, 219
national quality system, evaluation,
219–232
quality promotion initiatives,
197–198
standardization, 219
Microsoft, 25–26
Middle East, grapes, 46
minimum quality standards, 17
minimum safety standards 17, 19
mobile phones, 22–23, 84–85
multilateral recognition arrangements
(MLA), 93, 94
mutual recognition agreements (MRAs),
83, 93, 94, 95–96, 181–184, 207,
263n.8
membership, 184
metrology, 209
Mexico, 224, 227
separate and individual, 96
N
NAFTA, 146
National Committee on Productivity
and Technological Innovation
(COMPITE), 197, 266n.2
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