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4. The category of aspect
The category of aspect is a system of two member opposemes in the English language such as works - is working, has worked - has been working, to work - to be working showing the character of the action, that is whether the action is taken in its progress, in its development {continuous aspect) or it is simply stated, its nature being unspecified (non-continuous aspect).
In Ukrainian it is also a system of two member opposemes represented by the verbs of perfective and imperfective aspects. Verbs having similar lexical meanings often create aspect pairs (видов1 пари: писати - надписати, читати - прочитати).
In the English grammar the problem of aspect is a controversial one. There is but little consensus of opinion about this category in Modern English.
One meets different approaches to the English aspect, which can be briefly summarized as follows:

1. 
   Aspect is interpreted as a category of semantics rather than that of grammar.
   
2. 
   Aspect is not recognized at all as a category of Modern English grammar.
   
3. 
   Aspect is blended with tense and regarded as a part of the tense-aspect system.
   
4. 
   Aspect and tense are recognized as two distinct grammatical categories.
   

According to the opinion of B. Khaimovich and B. Rogovskaya [24; 135-136] the category expressed by the opposition of the
continuous and the non-continuous forms is not that of tense, for example, the forms wrote - was writing are opposed not as tense forms. Both of them express the same tense - the past.
Likewise it would be correct to disagree that aspect as a grammatical category cannot be separated from tense. As we know, in actual speech all the grammatical meanings of a word always go logether in a bunch. Thus in tells we find a) present tense, b) active voice, c) indicative mood, d) singular number, etc.
It does not follow however, that we are unable to separate the category of mood from the category of tense or the category of voice from that of aspect. By opposing tells to told and will tell we single out the category of tense; by contrasting tells with is telling we bring to light the category of aspect. Thus aspect is as closely connected with tense, as it is with voice, mood, person, number, etc.
The categories of tense and aspect characterize an action from different points of view. The tense of a verb shows the time of action, while the aspect of a verb deals with the development of action.
With regard to the category of aspect verbs are divided into those that have aspect opposites and those that have not. The latter are united by the oblique or lexico-grammatical, or potential meaning of "non-continuous aspect". As usual, the neutralization of "aspect" opposemes depends on the lexical meanings of the corresponding verbs.
Here is a brief enumeration of some groups of verbs usually having no aspect opposites in English:

1. 
   Verbs presenting diverse relations as actions - belong, contain, consist, date, possess, resemble, result, etc.
   
2. 
   Certain link-verbs (mostly those of "seeming") such as appear, look, prove, seem, turn out, etc.
   
3. 
   Verbs of "physical perception" (see, hear, feel, smell), denoting constant properties viewed as actions.
   

d) Verbs of "mental perceptions" (believe, dislike, distrust, hate,
hope, know, like, trust, understand, etc.) which are likewise, verbs of
weak dynamic force.
e) "Point-action" verbs, denoting instantaneous acts of very
short duration, unless such acts are repeated (burst, jump, drop, pick
up, etc.).

138
139

Sometimes, however, the potential meanings are actualized by the use of a "continuous aspect" opposite showing the progress of the action at a given moment or during a certain period and stressing its temporary, transient nature, as in She was not hating him any more at that crucial moment [24; 134-138].
In Ukrainian there can be met one-aspect verbs of the imperfective type (одновидов! д1еслова недоконаного виду: базтати, почитувати) as well as one-aspect verbs of the perfective type (одновидов1 д1еслова доконаного виду: розговоритися, начитатися, поподумати).
Ukrainian verbs of the imperfective aspect have three tense forms: present, past and future, verbs of the perfective aspect - only the past tense form and the simple form of the future tense.
Ukrainian verbs of the perfective aspect (доконаний вид) point out towards certain limits in revealing of the denoted by them action or state, on certain limit in time of their revealing; we as if feel here the beginning and the end of certain action, the certain result either in the form of the past or the future tense (compare: взяти, написати, nidpaxyeamu).
Verbs of imperfective aspect (недоконаного виду) express the unfinished character of some action, its durability; they do not show the limits of certain action; also they do not point towards the limits of some action from its beginning to the end even in the form of past tense, but the process of action is stressed here, e.g.: брати, писати, paxyeamu.
As a rule, Ukrainian verbs of perfective and imperfective aspects go alongside in pairs, and between them there is no other difference, besides the aspect characteristics. Aspect meanings are expressed not by endings, but by the stem of the verb.
Morphological means of the Ukrainian aspect form building are various: 1) prefixation (numamu - спитати, розпитати),

2. 
   suffixation {cnucyeamu - списати, нагадувати, нагадати),
   
3. 
   vowel alternation (вмирати - вмерти, везти - перевозити),
   

4) the stress shifting (вимгряти - вимгряти, розкидати -