Determination of the nature of a cause of a disease
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peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase Ag-Ab reactions are detected by the enzyme-substrate reaction A color change indicates an antigen-antibody reaction has occurred Types The direct ELISA- Sandwich or Capture Assays & Competitive ELISA - Used to detect antigens The indirect ELISA -Used to detect specific antibodies against antigen bound in a test well Advantages of ELISA Sensitive : Nanogram levels or lower Minimal reagents Qualitative & Quantitative Qualitative E.g. Disease testing Quantitative assays E.g. Theraputic Drug Monitoring Greater scope : Wells can be coated with Antigens or Antibodies Suitable for automation high speed No radiation hazards • An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed for the rapid detection of antibodies to the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus in pig sera • Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was developed to detect antibodies to the group antigen of bluetongue virus (BTV) (J Vet Diagn Invest 3:144-147 ,1991) Potential in future • Utilizing available 3D printing platforms, a ‘3D well’ was designed and developed to have an increased surface area compared to those of 96well plates • The ease and rapidity of the development of the 3D well prototype provided an opportunity for its rapid validation through the diagnostic performance of ELISA in infectious disease without modifying current laboratory practices for ELISA . • The improved sensitivity of the 3D well of up to 2.25fold higher compared to the 96well • ELISA provides a potential for the expansion of this technology towards miniaturization and Lab On a Chip platforms to reduce time |
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