1- what are the modals of advice and criticisim. 2-what is the importance of learning modal verbs of permission 3- what is an example of permission

Yangiboyeva Marjona

MODALS,ABILITY,PERMISSION,ADVICE

CRITICISM
Plan:
1- what are the modals of advice and criticisim.
2-what is the importance of learning modal verbs of permission
3- what is an example of permission
Modal verbs are a part of the larger group called auxiliary verbs, which are verbs that can’t be used on their own. They need to used along with another (main) verb.
The following are all modal verbs: can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would.
They provide additional information about the verb that follows them.
Modal verbs are used to express ability, obligation, permission, possibility, make requests and offers, and give advice. They can have more than one meaning, which depends on the context they’re used in.
● You can go now (permission).
● I can play the guitar (ability).
Structure of Modal Verbs
Subject + modal verb + infinitive (without to)
Modals are different from normal verbs:
1: They don't use an 's' for the third person singular.
2: They make questions by inversion ('she can go' becomes 'can she go?').
3: They are followed directly by the infinitive of another verb (without 'to').
I can speak English (NOT: I can to speak English)
He can speak Spanish (NOT: He can speaks Spanish)
Modal Verbs in Negative Form
Modal structures are made negative simply by adding “not”
You mustn’t walk on the grass.
He can’t speak Arabic
Modal Verbs in Question Form
Question forms are made with modals, by swapping the order of the subject and modal verb, so that the modal verb is first.
Can I have another piece of cake please?
Please note: the following uses are only some of the various ways the following modal verbs are used.
Can and Could
Ability
We use 'can' and 'could' to talk about a skill or ability.
Can refers to ability in the present and could refers to ability in the past.
For example:
She can speak six languages (present).
My grandfather could play football really well when he was young (past).
Asking for/Giving Permission
Can and could are also used to ask for permission to do something.
Could is more polite than can.
Can I open the window?
Could I borrow £10 from you?
Can is used for giving permission (but not could).
You can go to the party
NOT - You could go to the party (mistake. This refers to a future possibility, not giving permission)
Expressing a future possibility
There is a chance that something is true or that there is a possibility of something happening.
Note: might is used more frequently than may in spoken English, because may is very formal.
I might go to the movies tonight (but I'm not sure).
She might be late because of the public transport strike.
Could is also be used to refer to a future possibility.
I’m stuck in traffic. I could be late.
To ask for/give permission
May can be used to ask for and give permission in a very formal and polite way, however can and could are used more frequently than may in spoken English, because may is often too formal.
Must is used to express obligation or duty, such as laws and regulations.
You must carry your ID on you at all times in some countries.
You must wear a seatbelt at all times.
The structure have/has to + infinitive can also be used to refer to obligation, although this isn’t a modal verb.
I have to wear a uniform to work.
He has to pay his bills every month

Must expresses obligation imposed by the speaker while have to expresses external obligation.

Teacher: You must complete this essay by Friday
Student: We have to complete this essay by Friday.
When we want to refer to “no obligation” and that we have a choice we use “not have to”
I don’t have to work at the weekend.
She doesn’t have to register to vote.
REMEMBER: Musn’t (must not) doesn’t refer to no obligation. Instead this means that something is prohibited.
Mustn't = it is prohibited; it isn’t allowed
Don't have to = no obligation; you aren’t required to do something
We use should and ought to when we want to give people advice, or show that we think something is the right thing to do in the present and the future. Using the negative form shows that we think something is the wrong thing to do.
The opposite is should not (shouldn’t) and ought not to.
a)You should get more sleep. The less tired you are, the happier you will be.
b)You ought not to drink so much alcohol. It is bad for your health.
To talk about past behaviour, we use sb + should + have + past participle + ob, or ought to + have + past participle.
c)He should not have told her what I said. It was a secret.
d)They ought not to have sold the house without telling him first.
To express an idea of permission, we use may, could and can. Long ago, we only used may to ask for permission, but nowadays we use can and could too.
We tend to say can with the subject I, and could with the subjects you, we, they, he, she and it, because using the past form of can, could, is politer than using the present form.
e)May I use your bathroom please?
f)Could you help me with this for a minute?
g)Can I go home early please? I am really tired.
h)CouldI leave early today please? (politer)
To talk about permission in the past, we don’t usually use a modal verb. Instead, we use was/were allowed to.The exception is when you use reported speech.
i)We were allowed to stay until late.
j)They said we couldstay until late.
Choose the correct option for each sentence. Both may be possible.
a)People should/ ought to be polite at all times. 
b)People shouldn’t/ ought to not test medicine on animals.
c)Drivers should to have/should have passed their driving test before they drive without an instructor.
d) I ought to have not/I ought notto have been so rude to her. After all, she is the Queen
e)Can/May I borrow your car please?
f)Can/Could you help me with my homework please?
g)My father said I can/could invite all my friends to our house to watch the football.
h)When I was a child, I could/was allowed to stay up late on a Friday night.

Exercise
Complete the following sentences with the correct modal verb: can, could, may, might, must, have to, should, shall, will, would. In some of the sentences, more than one option is possible.

Take note of whether the sentences are in positive, negative or question form.

Example: You’ve got plenty of time. You _____don’t have to______ hurry.

1. George has travelled a lot. He ____________ speak many languages.

2. I can hear you very well. You _________ shout.
3. I'm not sure where I will go for my holidays, but I ___________ go to Italy.
4. She ___________ eat so much chocolate because it's bad for her figure.
5. __________ you like a snack?
6. I _____________ understand him.He should speak louder.
7. It's later than I thought. I __________ go now.
8. You __________ get a personal trainer if you want to get in shape.
9. Talk to Ann about your problems. I'm sure she _________ help you.
10. You ___________ clean the bathroom because I’ve already done it.
11. You ___________ be tired because you have worked very hard.
12. Oh wow, you’re moving to New York next month. That’s fantastic! I think you ___________ love it.
13. He __________ come to my party because he is ill.
14. ___________ you help me carry this heavy box up the stairs please?
15. It isn’t very important. You ____________ do it now. You _________ do it tomorrow.
16. __________ you speak many languages?
17. I don't know what I'm doing this weekend, but I _________ go to York.
18. Smoking is very unhealthy. You _________ quit.
19. You _________ have a passport to visit most foreign countries.
20. It ___________ be great to live in a different country.
Are you struggling with understanding when and how to use modal verbs of ability? They can be problematic even for native speakers! These versatile words are often used in everyday conversation, and mastering them can be hugely beneficial for both communicating effectively and understanding what others mean when they use them!
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In this post, I’ll explore modal verbs of ability in detail, including useful examples and a worksheet I made to put your knowledge into practice right away.
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Modal Verbs of Ability in a Nutshell

Modal verbs of ability describe a person’s capacity to do something. These types of verbs are used in the present, past, and future tense, with some having different meanings when used in either form. Examples of modal verbs of ability include can, could, and be able to. They typically modify other verbs to convey the concept of capability or incapability.
What Are Modal Verbs of Ability?
Modal verbs of ability are phrases used to express ability, capacity, or probability that something can be done. Modal verbs generally follow the main verb in a sentence and can provide more useful information than normal adjectives.
Common modals of ability include can, could, be able to, may, and might. Can is one of the most popular modals that indicates present abilities to do something or request permission. Could is basically can’s past tense equivalent.
On the other hand, be able to can imply both present and past abilities based on context. As for may and might, although both refer to possibility, might has a lower emphasis on probability compared to may.
All these modal verbs of ability add extra depth to our communication as they reveal more than just literal meanings, allowing us to subtly emphasize certain notions while conversing.
Present Ability
For the present, you can combine can or can’t with generic and specific abilities.
Examples:
I can speak four languages.
My brother can’t drive.
Past Ability
When talking about the past, you can combine could and couldn’t to talk about general abilities.
For instance:
I could read by the time I was four.
My dog couldn’t stay put for more than five minutes.
When referring to a specific ability in the past, we use couldn’t or was able to:
I was able to pass my driver’s license exam even though I didn’t feel very confident.
Vivian couldn’t call her mother last night because she ran out of phone battery.
We use could + have + past participle when describing a past ability that the person in question didn’t use:
We could have nailed that test if we had studied for it.
I could have finished law school if I didn’t have to drop out and get a job.
Future Ability 
If you want to talk about a future general ability, you use will or won’t be able to:
I won’t be able to finish reading three books in the next 3 days.
Lucian will be able to speak fluent French at the end of this six-month course.
For specific abilities, we use can or can’t:
Uma can help you move to your new apartment this weekend.
Terry can’t attend classes today. He’s not feeling very well.
Modal Verbs of Ability in Sentences
Here are some examples showing how to use modal verbs of ability in a sentence:
I could help you Friday when I’m off work.
John can learn foreign languages really fast.
Sarah can fix just about any laptop model.
Natalie might be able to help you study if she finishes her essay on time.
Bottom Line
Phrases that are employed to communicate the ability, capacity, or possibility that something can be done are referred to as modal verbs of ability.
Can is one of the most common modals that is used to signify present capacities to do something or to ask permission to do something. According to the context, the implication of “be able to” includes both current and past capabilities.