1. A/An (indefinite article)
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INDEFINITE ARTICLE
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- Noaniq artikl (The Inde fi nite Article) va aniq artikl (The De fi nite Article). 3. Noaniq artiklning ikkita shakli bor: a va an . An
- TURDOSH OTLAR BILAN NOANIQ ARTIKLNING ISHLATILISHI
- the great Russian poet
- a book
- Hundred
- a clever man!
- rather a long story.
- patience
- accommodation behaviour
- progress
- weather
- permission
1. A/AN (INDEFINITE ARTICLE) Umumiy ma’lumotlar 1. Artikl otlar oldida ishlatiladigan maxsus so‘zlardir. O‘zbek tilida artikl mavjud emas. Artiklning alohida tarjimasi yo‘q. Ot oldida artiklning ishlatilishi va ishlatilmasligining ahamiyati katta. 2. Ingliz tilida ikkita artikl bor: Noaniq artikl (The Indefi nite Article) va aniq artikl (The Defi nite Article). 3. Noaniq artiklning ikkita shakli bor: a va an. An shakli unli tovushlar bilan boshlangan otlar oldida keladi: an opera, an apple, an hour. Qol gan hollarda artiklning a shakli ishlatiladi: a pen, a book, a student. 4. Aniq artiklning bitta shakli bor: the. 5. Noaniq artikl eski ingliz tilidagi an (bir) so‘zidan kelib chiqqan, shuning uchun ham u faqat birlikdagi otlar oldida ishlatiladi. 6. Aniq artikl eski ingliz tilidagi the (u, o‘sha) ko‘rsatish olmoshidan kelib chiqqan bo‘lib, ba’zi hollarda hozir ham dastlabki ma’nosini saqlab qolgan. 7. Noaniq artikl ishlatilganda otning biror turga (sinfga) mansubligini bildiradi. 8. Aniq artikl otni boshqa shu turdagi otlardan ajratib ko‘rsatganda ishlatiladi. TURDOSH OTLAR BILAN NOANIQ ARTIKLNING ISHLATILISHI 1. Noaniq artikl biror turga mansub bo‘lgan birlikdagi shaxs yoki buyum oldida ishlatiladi va qandaydir bir degan ma’noni bildiradi: She has a watch of her own. Uning o‘z soati bor. Ko‘plikda ot artiklsiz ishlatiladi. Agar miqdorni anglatmoqchi bo‘lsak, some ishlatamiz: I have brought you some fl owers. — Men sizga bir nechta gul keltirdim. 2. Ot shaxs yoki buyumning kim yoki nima ekanligini ifodalasa noaniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi. Bunday ot gapda: a) ot kesimning tarkibiy qismi bo‘lib keladi: His sister has become a doctor. Uning opasi doktor bo‘ldi. This is a dictionary. Bu lug‘atdir. b) izohlovchi bo‘lib keladi: Mr. A., a student of our Institute, spoke at the meeting. Janob A., institutimiz talabasi, yig‘ilishda gapirdi. Ko‘plikda artikl ham, some ham ishlatilmaydi. They are good children, no doubt. Shubhasiz ular — yaxshi bolalar. Izoh: Ot-kesim tarkibida kelgan yoki izohlovchi bo‘lib kelgan otning shu turdagi otlardan ajratib ko‘rsatuvchi aniqlovchisi bo‘lsa shu ot aniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi: These are the books you were looking for. Bular — siz axtargan kitoblar. Agar izohlovchi mashhur kishilardan biri bo‘lsa ham ot aniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi: Pushkin, the great Russian poet, was born in 1799. Pushkin, ulug‘ rus shoiri, 1799-yilda tug‘ilgan. 3. Agar ot shu turdagi shaxs yoki buyumlarning istagan bir vakilini ifodalasa, noaniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi va har bir, istagan ma’nosini beradi: A square has four sides. Kvadratning to‘rtta tomoni bor. Ko‘plikda noaniq artikl ishlatilmaydi va boshqa ko‘rsatkich ham kelmaydi: Squares have four sides. Kvadratlarning to‘rt tomoni bor. 4. Suhbatdoshga hali noma’lum bo‘lgan shaxs yoki buyumni ifodalagan ot noaniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi. Bunda noaniq artiklining ma’nosi bir so‘zining ma’nosiga yaqinlashadi: He bought a book yesterday. U kecha (bir) kitob sotib oldi. Suhbatdoshga hali noma’lum bo‘lgan shaxs yoki buyum there is bilan berilganda ham noaniq artikl ishlatiladi: There is a telephone in the room. Xonada telefon bor. 5. Ba’zi hollarda noaniq artikl bir ma’nosini to‘liq saqlab qolgan: I shall come in an hour. Men bir soatdan keyin kelaman. Hundred — yuz, thousand — ming, million — million, score — yigirma, dozen — dyujina so‘zlaridan oldin one yoki noaniq artikl ishlatilishi mumkin: He has won a (one)thousand dollars. U (bir) ming dollar yutib oldi. 6. what dan keyin kelgan birlikdagi donalab sanaladigan ot oldida noaniq artikl ishlatiladi va bu qurilma «Qanday …!» deb tarjima qili nadi: What a clever man! Qanday aqlli kishi! 7. Such, quite va rather ravishlaridan keyin kelgan birlikdagi donalab sanaladigan ot oldida noanoq artikl ishlatiladi: such
It is not so simple a problem as it seems. Bu ko‘ringanidek sodda muammo emas. It is too urgent a matter to postpone. Bu kechiktirish mumkin bo‘lmagan shoshilinch masala. 9. Noaniq artikl mavhum otlar oldida ham ishlatilishi mumkin. Bunda sifat yoki his-tuyg‘uning biror turi tushuniladi va noaniq artikl a kind of, such shunday bir ma’nosini beradi: He showed a patience (a kind of patience, such patience) that I had never expected of him. U men kutmagan (bir) toqatni (bardoshni) namoyish qildi. Taqqoslash: You must learn patience. Siz bardoshni o‘rganishingiz kerak. I bought a paper to read. Men o‘qish uchun gazeta sotib oldim. I need some paper to write on. Menga yozish uchun qog‘oz ke rak. There’s a hair in my soup. Sho‘rvamga soch tushibdi. You’ve got very long hair. Sochingiz juda uzun ekan. Enjoy your holiday. Have a good time. Ta’tilni yaxshi o‘tkazing. Vaqtingiz chog‘ bo‘lsin. I can’t wait. I haven’t got time. Men kutolmayman. Vaqtim yo‘q. Quyidagi otlar ingliz tilida, odatda, donalab sanalmaydigan otlar hisoblanadi: accommodation behaviour damage luck permission traffic advice bread furniture luggage progress weather baggage chaos information news scenery work I’m going to buy some bread. Men non sotib olmoqchiman. It’s nice weather today. Bugun havo yaxshi. We had a lot of luggage. Bizning yukimiz ko‘p. Ammo permission — ruxsat, advice — maslahat, information — xabar mavhum otlari konkretlashganda (aniqlashtirilganda) ham noaniq artikl bilan ishlatilmaydi: He recieved permission to visit that plant. U o‘sha zavodga borish uchun ruxsat oldi. He readily gives advice to everybody who asks him for it. U kim so‘rasa bajonudil maslahat beradi Download 41 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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