1. Chemical compound complex compounds
Nomenclature of inorganic compounds
Download 24.49 Kb.
|
Reja (1)
|
Nomenclature of inorganic compounds is a system of naming chemical elements and their compounds. The nomenclature must clearly express the composition of the substance in writing and in oral speech. The abundance and diversity of inorganic compounds is based on a certain system of naming them. The names of most chemical elements are formed by combining the suffix "ium" from the Latin name with the suffix "iy". For example, lithium - lithium, barium - barium, etc. The names of the elements that have been used since ancient times remain as follows: sulfur, iron, copper, zinc, tin, lead, mercury, gold, silver and other compounds formed by elements with oxygen are oxides and peroxides. is called by the general term Oxides are divided into salt-forming and non-salt-forming oxides. Salt-forming oxides, in turn, are divided into basic, sour and amphoteric oxides. To name oxides of elements with variable valence, first add the name of the element and then the word oxide. For example, FeO — iron §-oxide, Ge2O3-iron (Sh)-oxide, etc. Compounds of elements formed with gold-sulfur and halogens are also named as such. For example, CuS - copper §-sulfide, GeS13 - iron (III) - chloride, etc. Compounds consisting of a metal and a hydroxyl group are called bases. Examples are sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or copper hydroxide (Si(ON)2). The main characteristic of bases is their formation of salts with acids. Bulk substances consisting of hydrogen and an acid residue are considered acids. The number of hydrogen atoms is equal to the valence of the acid. Hydrogen in acid can be exchanged for metal. The main characteristic of acids is that they form salts with bases . The name of an anoxic acid is formed by adding the suffix "id" to the name of the acid-forming element. For example, H2S is sulphidic acid, HF is hydrofluoric acid, and N2Te is telluridic acid. Acidic acids and salts are called international names in Uzbek. For example, HNO2 - nitric acid, HNO, - nitric acid, H2SO4 - sulfuric acid; their salts are respectively called nitrites, nitrates, sulfates, etc. If all the hydrogen atoms in the acid have been replaced by metal atoms, it is called a normal salt, otherwise it is called a sour salt. If the salts contain a hydroxyl group, the base is called a salt. When naming normal salts, the name of the metal is added to the name of the acid. Salt is named according to the number of hydrogen atoms exchanged for metal in the composition of copper, NaF - sodium fluoride, Fe2(SO4)3 - iron (III) - sulfate and other polybasic acids. For example, Na3PO4 — sodium phosphate, Na2HPO4 — sodium hydrogen phosphate, NaH2PO4 — sodium dihydrogen phosphate; sometimes these are also called triple-shifted, double-shifted, and single-shifted. Salts are formed by replacing hydrogen in acids with a metal or a hydroxyl group in bases with an acid residue. These are divided into medium (normal), sour and alkaline salts. Those consisting of two metals and one acid residue are called double salts. The ones that consist of one metal and two acid compounds are called mixed salts.
Sources [ edit | edit source ] ↑ Chemistry: The Central Science, AP Edition ↑ General Chemistry ↑ Myself . The first volume. Tashkent, 2000
Download 24.49 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
|