1 explain the syllabic structure in english

Constrictive sonorantsare also made with an incomplete obstruction but with a rather wide air passage; so tone prevails over noise [w, r, l, j]. They are all oral, because in their production the soft palate is raised.
The consonants of this group are divided into medial and laterial. Medial sonorants are produced when the air escapes without audible friction over the central part of the tongue. The sides of the tongue are raised [w, r, j].
In the production of laterial consonants the tongue is pressed against the alveolar ridge and the sides of the tongue are lowed [l].

9 Characteristic features of transcription
There are two ways in which we can transcribe speech. Phonemic transcription, also sometimes known as ‘broad’ transcription, involves representing speech using just a unique symbol for each phoneme of the language. Using the Mitchell and Delbridge symbols, we might transcribe the following three words phonemically like this:

‘strewn’	/strun/
‘tenth’	/tɛnθ/
‘clean’	/klin/

Here you can see that ‘strewn’ has 5 sounds and ‘tenth’ and ‘clean’ have 4 sounds, and every sound is represented uniquely. Note that phonemic transcription is placed between /forward slash brackets/. When we transcribe phonemically, we are representing not actual sounds, but abstract mental constructs. These are the categories of sound that speakers understand to be ‘sounds of their language’. In the case of Australian English, phonemic transcription requires using 44 phoneme symbols. The other way we can transcribe speech is using phonetic transcription, also sometimes known as ‘narrow’ transcription. This involves representing additional details about the contextual variations in pronunciation that occur in normal speech. Again, using the Mitchell and Delbridge symbols, we might transcribe the same three words phonetically like this:

‘strewn’	[stru:n]
‘tenth’	[tʰɛ̃n̪θ]
‘clean’	[kl̥i:n]

Here you can see that:

• 
  ‘strewn’ has a long vowel, represented by the colon diacritic [:].
  
• 
  ‘tenth’ has an aspirated initial [tʰ] shown by the superscript [ʰ]; and the vowel is nasalised, represented by the tilde diacritic above the vowel [ɛ̃], because it immediately precedes a nasal; and the nasal is actually articulated at the interdental place of articulation, represented by the diacritic [n̪], because it immediately precedes an interdental fricative.
  
• 
  ‘clean’ has a long vowel, represented by the diacritic [:]; and a voiceless [l̥], represented by the small subscript circle diacritic, because the normal voiced quality of [l] is suppressed by the aspiration of the [k] before it.