1. Kvant sonlar qaysi zarrachaga tegishli? A atom b proton c neytron d elektron
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- B-Yadro reaksiyasida hosil bo’layotgan elementni aniqlang .
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II-D. Yadro reaksiyalari .
A-Yadro reaksiyasida hosil bo’layotgan zarrachani aniqlang. 1)
58 Fe + p → 55 Mn + …
2)
16 O + n →
16 N + …
3)
31 P + α →
34 Cl + …
4)
39 K + n →
40 Ca + …
5)
12 C + p →
13 C + …
B-Yadro reaksiyasida hosil bo’layotgan elementni aniqlang.
1) 58 Co + p → n + …
2)
19 F + α → p + …
3)
34 S +
- β → n + …
4)
40 Ar +
+ β → α + …
5)
52 Cr + p → - β + …
C-Yadro reaksiyasida hosil bo’layotgan α va β-zarrachani aniqlang.
1) 238 U →
206 Tl + xα + yβ
2)
237 Np→
209 Pb + xα + yβ
3)
247 Cm →
211 Po + xα + yβ
4)
244 Pu →
208 Pb + xα + yβ
5)
231 Pa →
207 Bi + xα + yβ
1. Zaryadsiz zarrachani aniqlang. A) proton B) neytron C) elektron D) pozitron
2. Zaryadining qiymati massasiga teng bo„lgan zarrachani ko‟rsating. A) proton B) neytron C) elektron D) pozitron
3. Manfiy zaryadli zarrachani ko‟rsating. A) proton B) neytron C) elektron D) pozitron
4. Massasi elektron bilan teng, lekin zaryadi qarama-qarshi bo‟lgan zarrachani aniqlang. A) proton B) neytron C) neytrino D) pozitron
5. α-zarracha deganlari nima o‟zi? A) protonlar oqimi B) neytronlar to‟plami C) elektronlar oqimi D) geliy atomi yadrosi
6. Atom proton biriktirsa ……. A) zaryadi bittaga ortadi, massasi o‟zgarmaydi B) zaryadi ikkitaga ortadi, massasi to‟rttaga ortadi C) zaryadi ham, massasi ham bittaga ortadi D) zaryadi bittaga kamayadi, massasi o‟zgarmaydi
7. Atom elektron biriktirsa ……. A) zaryadi bittaga ortadi, massasi o‟zgarmaydi B) zaryadi ikkitaga ortadi, massasi to‟rttaga ortadi C) zaryadi ham, massasi ham bittaga ortadi D) zaryadi bittaga kamayadi, massasi o‟zgarmaydi
8. Atom neytron biriktirsa ……. A) zaryadi bittaga ortadi, massasi o‟zgarmaydi B) zaryadi o‟zgarmaydi, massasi bittaga ortadi C) zaryadi ham, massasi ham bittaga ortadi D) zaryadi bittaga kamayadi, massasi o‟zgarmaydi
9. Atom pozitron biriktirsa ……. A) zaryadi bittaga ortadi, massasi o‟zgarmaydi B) zaryadi o‟zgarmaydi, massasi bittaga ortadi C) zaryadi ham, massasi ham bittaga ortadi D) zaryadi bittaga kamayadi, massasi o‟zgarmaydi 10. Atom α-zarracha biriktirsa ……. A) zaryadi to‟rttaga ortadi, massasi ikkitaga ortadi B) zaryadi ikkitaga ortadi, massasi to‟rttaga ortadi C) zaryadi ham, massasi ham bittaga ortadi D) zaryadi bittaga kamayadi, massasi o‟zgarmaydi 11. Atom yadrosi elektron hosil qilib parchalansa,.. A) zaryadi bittaga ortadi, massasi o‟zgarmaydi B) zaryadi o‟zgarmaydi, massasi bittaga kamayadi C) zaryadi ham, massasi ham bittaga kamayadi D) zaryadi bittaga kamayadi, massasi o‟zgarmaydi 12. Atom yadrosi neytron hosil qilib parchalansa… A) zaryadi bittaga ortadi, massasi o‟zgarmaydi B) zaryadi o‟zgarmaydi, massasi bittaga kamayadi C) zaryadi ham, massasi ham bittaga kamayadi D) zaryadi bittaga kamayadi, massasi o‟zgarmaydi 13. Atom yadrosi pozitron hosil qilib parchalansa... A) zaryadi bittaga ortadi, massasi o‟zgarmaydi B) zaryadi o‟zgarmaydi, massasi bittaga kamayadi C) zaryadi ham, massasi ham bittaga kamayadi D) zaryadi bittaga kamayadi, massasi o‟zgarmaydi 14. Atom yadrosi α-zarracha hosil qilib parchalansa... A) zaryadi bittaga ortadi, massasi o‟zgarmaydi B) zaryadi ikkitaga, massasi to‟rttaga kamayadi C) zaryadi ham, massasi ham bittaga kamayadi D) zaryadi to‟rttaga, massasi esa ikkitaga kamayadi
15. Atom bitta proton hosil qilib parchalansa …… A) siljish qonuniga ko‟ra bir katak o‟ngga siljiydi. B) yadro zaryadi bittaga kamayadi. C) atom massasi o‟zgarishsiz qoladi. D) yadroda bitta elektron hosil bo‟ladi. 16. 238
U dan 226
Ra hosil bo‟lishida yadro qancha α va β zarracha yo‟qotadi? A) 3α – 3β - B) 4α – 1β - C) 3α – 2β -
D) 2α – 2β -
17. 234 U → A + 90 Kr + x 1 n + 3hv Ushbu yadro reaksiyasida 11,75 mg uran izotopi yemirilib 33,25 ·10 19
aniqlang. A) 78
B) 77 C) 79
D) 80
18. 226 Ra → Po + xα + y 1 n 4,52
mg radiy parchalanganda 36,12
·10
18 ta
neytron hosil bo‟lsa, reaksiya natijasida olingan poloniy izotopi yadrosidagi neytronlar sonini ko‟rsating. A) 133 B) 135
C) 131 D) 129
19. n y x Bi Rn 1 220 86 7 Ushbu yadro reaksiya asosida 33 mg radon parchalanishidan 45,2 ∙10 19
sonini ko‟rsating. A) 114
B) 110 C) 117
D) 112 20.
238 U izotopi yadrosi radioaktiv parchalanish natijasida 226 Ra
yadrosiga aylandi. Agar ushbu jarayonda 1mg uran ishlatilgan bo‟lsa, necha ml geliy hosil bo‟ladi? A) 0,28 B) 0,38
C) 0,58 D) 0,78 21.
Ushbu yadro reaksiyasi asosida 84,28
·10
19 dona pozitron ajralgan bo‟lsa, reaksiyada qatnashgan poloniy izotopining miqdorini (mg) toping.
A) 102,8 B) 94,7
C) 83,6
D) 75,2 22. Neptuniy-240 izotopi radiaktiv yemirilishida toriy-224 yadrosiga aylandi.
Ushbu reaksiyada hosil bo‟ladigan α va β-zarrachalar miqdorini aniqlang. A) 2α va 3 – β
B) 3α va 4 – β C) 5α va 4 – β D) 4α va 5 – β 23.
239 Cm + 2α → x + β + y 1 H + 244 Pu Ushbu yadro reaksiyasida 717 g kyuriy reaksiyaga kirishgan bo‟lsa, hosil bo‟lgan pozitron miqdorini toping. A) 9
B) 6 C) 12
D) 3 24. Radiaktiv elementlarning asosiy 4 ta oilasi mavjud. Ular o‟zlaridan α va β-zarrachalar chiqarib parchalanadilar. Bu jarayonlarni qisqacha quyida-gicha ifodalash mumkin. Har bir jarayonda tartib bilan nechatadan β-zarracha ajralishini aniqlang. 1)
238 U →
206 Pb
2) 232
Th → 208
Pb 3)
235 Ac →
207 Pb
4) 237
Np → 209
Bi A) 6; 4; 7; 4 B) 8; 6; 9; 8 C) 6; 8; 5; 6 D) 8; 6; 7; 6 25. Ushbu o‟zgarishlar zanjirida qaysi mahsulot aktiniy izotopi hisoblanadi?
A) I B) II C) III D) IV 26.
226 Cm + 3α → x + β + y 2 H + 232 Np yuqoridagi tenglamaga muvofiq 6,78 mg kyuriy ishlatilsa, necha dona pozitron hosil bo‟ladi? A) 1,08 ∙10 22
B) 10,8 ∙10 22 C) 10,8 ∙10 19
D) 10,8 ∙10 23
27. Md + 2α → 258 Lr + x + β + y 1 n Ushbu yadro reaksiyasi asosida 5,16 mg lourensiy va 8,425
·10
19
dona neytron hosil bo‟ldi. Mendele-yeviy izotopining nisbiy atom massasini aniqlang. A) 257 B) 256
C) 258 D) 254
28.
235 U + 22 Ne → A + x + β + y 1 n Yuqoridagi yadro reaksiyasida 1 mg uran qatnashganda 10,25 ∙10 18 ta
neytron ajralib chiqadi. Ajralgan pozitron neytronlarning 75% qismini tashkil qilsa, hosil bo‟lgan A elementida neytronlar nuklonlarning necha foizini tashkil qiladi?
A) 61 B) 59 C) 57
D) 63 29. At → 207 Pb + x + β + y 1 n Ushbu yadro reaksiyasida 84,4 mg astat izotopidan 72,24
·10
19 ta
pozitron va …… ta neytron ajraladi. A) 18,06
·10
19
B) 75,53
·10 19 C) 3,66
·10
20 D) 96,32
·10
19 30. Ruda tarkibida 0,61% plutoniy-244 va ma‟lum miqdorda vismut- 208 mavjud. 0,5 kg rudadan ne-cha l (n.sh.) geliy va necha dona elektron ajraladi? 1) 2,52 2) 3,14 3) 52,675
·10 18 4) 16,75
·10
19
A) 1, 3 B) 1, 4 C) 2, 4 D) 2, 3 Axborotnoma. (1996-2003 yillar).
1. (03-6-18). Atom yadrosi elektron yutib, pozitron ajratib chiqarsa, qanday o‟zgarish sodir bo„ladi? A) yadro zaryadi 2 birlikka kamayadi B) yadro zaryadi 2 birlikka ortadi C) yadro zaryadi o‟zgarmaydi D) yadro massasi 2 birlikka kamayadi
2. (03-6-19). Atom yadrosi pozitron yutib, elektron ajratib chiqarsa, qanday o‟zgarish sodir bo„ladi? A) yadro zaryadi 2 birlikka ortadi B) yadro zaryadi 2 birlikka kamayadi C) yadro zaryadi o‟zgarmaydi D) yadro massasi 2 birlikka ortadi 3. (03-6-20). Izotopning yadro zaryadi kamayib, massasi ortadigan yadro reaksiyasini aniqlang. A) E + n → + β + … B) E + p → – β + … C) E + n → p + … D) E + p → α + … 4. (03-6-21). Izotopning yadro zaryadi ortib, massasi kamayadigan yadro reaksiyasini aniqlang. A) E + +
– β → p + … C) E + p → n + … D) E + α → p + … 5. (03-6-22). Qaysi zarrachalar ishtirokidagi yadro reaksiyalarida yadro zaryadi o‟zgaradi, lekin massasi saqlanadi? A) –
+ β B) α, n C) p, + β D) p, n E) n, – β 6. (03-6-23). Qaysi zarrachalar ishtirokidagi yadro reaksiyalarida yadro zaryadi va massasi o‟zgaradi? A) p, α B) p, + β C) p, n D) n, α E) – β,
+ β
7. (01-2-24). Atom yadrosida elektron bo„lmaydi, lekin yadro reaksiyalarida elektron ajralishi kuzati-ladi. Bu hodisa qanday
jarayon
tufayli
sodir
bo„ladi? A) proton ajralishi C) pozitron ajralishi
B) protonning neytronga aylanishi D) neytronning protonga aylanishi 8. (02-6-26). Element atomi yadrosida sodir bo„ladigan qanday jarayonlarda elementning yadro zaryadi bir birlikka kamayadi? 1) protonning neytronga aylanishida 2) neytronning protonga aylanishida 3) elektronning yadroga qulashida 4) yadrodan α-zarrachaning ajralishida A) 1 B) 2 C) 1, 4 D) 1, 3 E) 2, 3 9. (01-6-3). Nima sababdan – β-yemirilishda element atomi davriy sistemadagi o„zidan keyin turgan element izotopga aylanadi? A) yadroga pozitron birikib, elektron ajralib chiqadi B) yadrodagi bitta proton neytronga aylanadi va elektron ajralib chiqadi C) yadro bitta protonni biriktirib oladi va elektron ajralib chiqadi D) yadrodagi bitta neytron protonga aylanadi va elektron ajralib chiqadi
10. (02-6-27). Pozitron ajralib chiqadigan yadro jarayonlarini tanlang. 1) neytronning protonga aylanishi 2) protonning neytronga aylanishi 3) protondan α-zarrachaning hosil bo„lishi 4) elektronning yadroga qulashi A) 1 B) 4 C) 3, 4 D) 1, 3 E) 2, 3
11. (02-6-28). Qanday yadro o‟zgarishlarida elementning tartib raqami bir birlikka ortadi? 1) α-yemirilishda 2) pozitron hosil qilib parchalanishda 3) elektron parchalanishda
4) γ-parchalanishda A) 1 B) 3 C) 3, 4 D) 2, 3 E) 1, 4
12. (03-3-25). Atom yadrosi tarkibida elektron bo„lmasligiga qaramasdan, – β-yemirilishni qanday izohlash mumkin? A) atomning tashqi energetik pog‟onasidan elektron otilib chiqishi B) yadro neytronining protonga aylanishi C) proton va neytronlarning o„zaro birikishi D) yadro protonining neytronga aylanishi
13. (03-3-26). + β-yemirilishda atom yadrosida qanday o‟zgarish sodir bo„ladi? A) elektron va pozitronning o„zaro birikishi B) yadro neytronining protonga aylanishi C) proton va neytronning o„zaro birikishi D) yadro protonining neytronga aylanishi
14. (03-4-25).
X A z A z 4 2 va Y X A z A z 1
Yuqoridagi ifodalar qaysi qonunning matematik ifodasi hisoblanadi? A) siljish qonuni C) massalar ta‟siri qonuni B) fotoeffekt qonuni D) ekvivalentlar qonuni
15. (00-1-39). 209 Tl = β + X reaksiyasida hosil bo„lgan element atomining yadrosida nechta neytron bo„ladi? A) 114 B) 115 C) 116 D) 127 E) 129 16. (03-4-27). Quyidagi yadro reaksiyalarining qaysilarida izobarlar hosil bo„ladi? 1)
30 P → x +
+ β 2) 2 H + γ →
1 n + x 3) 239
Np → x + - β 4) 239
U → x + - β 5) 55 Co → - β + x 6) 40 K +
- β → hv + x A) 3, 4, 5, 6 B) 1, 3, 4 C) 2, 4, 6 D) 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 E) 3, 4, 6
17. (03-4-28). Qanday zarracha ikkita _β (elektron) yutib, geliy atomiga aylanadi? A) α-nurlar B) - β nurlar C) γ-nurlar D)
1
18. (03-4-26). Quyidagi yadro reaksiyalarining qaysilarida izotoplar hosil bo„ladi? 1)
z x A → y + α + 2β -
2) z x A → y + β
+ 3)
z x A → y + β –
4) z x A + e
- → y + hv 5) z
A → y + p + - β
A) 1, 5 B) 2, 3 C) 2, 3, 4 D) 2, 4, 5 E) 1, 4
19. (00-1-40). 56 Fe + x = 56 Mn +
1 H reaksiyasida temir izotopi qanday zarracha bilan nurlantirilgan? A) proton B) β-zarracha C) α-zarracha D) 2 ta α zarracha E) neytron
20. (00-1-43). n At x Bi 1 0 211 85 209 83 2 reaksiyasida vismut yadrosiga qanday zarracha yog„dirilgan? A) proton B) pozitron C) β-zarracha D) α-zarracha E) neytron
21. (00-8-45). Aktiniyning radioaktiv yemirilishi natijasida: 227 Ac = E + 4 He qanday elementning izotopi hosil bo„ladi? A) 222
Rn B) 224
Fr C) 223
Fr D) 225
Ra
22. (99-10-31). Temirning 56 Fe izotopi neytronlar bilan nurlantirilganda, protonlar ajralib chiqdi. Bunda qanday elementning izotopi hosil bo„ladi? A) 56
B)
57 Mn C) 55 Fe D) 57 Co E) 58 Co
23. (99-10-32. Berilliy izotopi 9 Be bitta α-zarra-chani yutib va neytron chiqarib, qanday element-ning izotopiga aylanadi? A)
13 6
C 12 6 D) B 10 5 C) N 14 7 E) B 11 5
24. (00-1-28). 226 Ra
elementning yadrosi bitta α va 2 ta β-zarrachani yo‟qotsa, tartib nomeri nechaga teng bo„lgan element hosil bo„ladi? A) 86 B) 88
C) 90 D) 84 E) 92
25. (03-4-29). Tarkibida 0,56% toriy-232 izotopi bo„lgan mineralda 0,5% qo‟rg‟oshin-208 izotopi borligi aniqlandi. 1 kg rudadan necha l (n.sh.) geliy ajralib chiqadi? A) 3,24 B) 5,69 C) 3,59 D) 2,53 E) 6,46
26. (03-4-30). 235 U
izotopidan 7 ta α va 4 ta β-zarrachalar nurlanishi natijasida hosil bo„lgan element izotopidagi neytronlar sonini toping. A) 125 B) 128 C) 100 D) 150 E) 120 27. (03-4-31). Plutoniy-239 izotopi o„zidan α-zar-racha chiqarib, juda sekin yemiriladi. 1,806∙10 22 ta α-zarrachalar hosil bo„lishi uchun necha gramm plutoniy yemiriladi? A) 7,17 B) 77,7 C) 3,58 D) 11,95 E) 18,06 28. (03-6-17). Ushbu
bo„ladi? 1) α-zarracha qamrab olish
2) α-zarracha chiqarish 3) β - -zarracha qamrab olish 4) β - -zarracha chiqarish A) 2, 4 B) 2, 3 C) 1, 4 D) 1, 3
29. (03-6-24). Ushbu yadroviy o‟zgarishlarda jami nechta va qanday zarrachalar ajraladi? Ac → … → … → 220 Rn
A) 2α + - β B) 2α + n C) 2α + p D) α + 2p E) α + 2n
30. (03-6-25). Ushbu o‟zgarishlar zanjirida qaysi elementlar ishtirok etadi?
IV III II I Po
A) Po, Bi, Pb B) Bi, Pb, T1 C) At, Po, Bi D) At, Bi, Tl E) At, Bi, Pb
31. (03-6-26). Ushbu o‟zgarishlar zanjirida qaysi mahsulotlar radiy izotoplari hisoblanadi? IV III II I Th
A) I, IV B) I, III C) I, II D) II, III E) II, IV
32. (97-12-51). Quyidagi 54 Fe + X → 55 Co + 1 n yadro reaksiyasida qanday zarracha qatnashadi? A) α-zarracha B) β-zarracha C) proton D) deyteriy E) neytron
33. (03-6-27). Quyidagi o‟zgarishlar zanjirining qaysi bosqichlarida α- yemirilish sodir bo„ladi? 231
Th 1 231
Pa 2 227
Ac 3 223
Fr 4 223
Ra A) 1, 3 B) 1, 4 C) 2, 3 D) 2, 4 E) 3, 4
34. (03-6-28). Qaysi qatordagi yadroviy o‟zgarishlar faqat bir xil zarrachalar ajralib chiqishi bilan sodir bo„ladi? 1)
234 U →
230 Th →
226 Ra →
222 Rn
2) 235
U → 231
Th → 231
Pa → 227
As 3)
210 Tl →
210 Pb →
210 Bi →
210 Po
4) 219
At → 219
Rn → 215
Po → 215
At A) 1, 3 B) 1, 4 C) 2, 3 D) 2, 4
35. (03-6-29). 0,545 g 218 At izotopi ikkitadan α va - β zarrachalar chiqarib parchalanganda, qaysi izotopdan necha gramm hosil bo„ladi va necha ml (n.sh.da) gaz ajraladi? A) 0,525 g Bi, 112 ml B) 0,525 g Bi, 56 ml C) 0,535 g Bi, 112 ml D) 0,525 g Te, 112 ml
36. (97-1-7). 70 Zn
izotopga proton yog‟dirilganda yadro reaksiyasi natijasida neytron hosil bo„lgan. Shu reaksiyada hosil bo„lgan yangi izotopni toping. A)
71 30
Ga 70 31 C) Сu 71 29 D) Ga 72 31 E) Zn 69 30 37. (97-2-7). 27 Al +
4 He
30 P + x reaksiyasida qanday zarracha ajralib chiqadi? A) proton B) neytron C) α-zarracha D)
- β-zarracha E) geliy
38. (97-9-41). 209 Bi qanday zarrachalar bilan nurlanganda 213 At
hosil bo„ladi. A) neytron B) γ-nurlar C) proton D) α-zarracha E) α-zarracha + elektron 39. (97-11-113). 56 Fe izotopi neytronlar bilan nurlantirilganda, protonlar va yangi elementning izotoplari hosil bo„ldi. Bu qaysi elementning izotopi ekanligini aniqlang. A) 56
56 Co C) 55 Fe D) 58 Fe E)
58 Co
40. (00-1-29). Sun‟iy radioaktiv fosfor quyidagi reaksiya bo‟yicha parchalanganda, qanday zarracha ajralib chiqadi? 30 P = 30 Si + x A) α-zarracha B)
β-zarracha C) proton D) pozitron E) neytron
41. (00-1-31). Quyidagi yadro reaksiyalarida hosil bo„lgan A element atom yadrosining massasi nechaga teng? A Z Y X Ra 226 88
A) 218 B) 216 C) 222 D) 226 E) 228 42. (00-1-32). Quyidagi X O He N 17 8 4 2 14 7 yadro reaksiya natijasida qanday zarracha ajralib chiqadi? A) α-zarracha B) elektron C) proton D) neytron E) pozitron
43. (00-1-33). Quyidagi A H n Cr 1 1 1 0 52 24 reaksiya natijasida hosil bo„lgan A element atomining yadrosida nechta neytron bor? A) 25 B) 27 C) 28 D) 29 E) 31
44. (00-1-34). X Np U 239 93 239 92 reaksiyasida qanday zarracha ajralib chiqadi? A) proton B) neytron C) α-zarracha D) 2 ta proton E) β-zarracha
45. (00-1-35). X Mn 55 25 reaksiyasida hosil bo„lgan element atomi yadrosining zaryadi necha? A) 23 B) 24
C) 26 D) 25 E) 27
46. (96-8-91). Quyidagi radioaktiv yemirilish natijasida qaysi element izotopi hosil bo„ladi? Э Mn 57 25 A) xrom B) marganes C) temir D) kobalt
41 Ca
41 K jarayonida quyidagilarning qaysi biri sodir bo„ladi? A) α-yemirilish B) β
+ -parchalanish C) β-parchalanish D) elektron chiqarish
48. (98-10-20). Quyidagi sxemada qaysi element izotopi hosil bo„ladi? 234
Th → E + e A)
233 Pa B) 234 Pa C) 233 Th D) 234 Ac E)
233 Ac
49. (96-4-26). Radioaktiv jarayon tenglamasida noma‟lum zarrachani toping:
x Rn Ra 222 86 226 88
A) neytron B) neytron va
proton C) α-zarracha D) deyteriy E) pozitron
50. (97-4-61). Quyidagi yadro reaksiyasida qaysi element izotopi hosil bo„ladi: 7 7 235 92
U (pozitron)
A)
195 Pt B) 210 At C) 207 Lu D) 237 Fm E) 207 Pb
51. (00-3-38). 209 Bi izotopini nurlantirish natijasida 211 At elementi olingan va 2
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