1. Language Learning: Language and Communication. Languages of the World. Endangered Languages. Global English

Punishment. Punishment is the practice of imposing something unpleasant on a person as a response to some unwanted or immoral behavior or disobedience that they have displayed. Punishment has evolved with society; starting out as a simple system of revenge by the individual, family, or tribe, it soon grew as an institution protected by governments, into a large penal and justice system. The methods of punishment have also evolved. The harshest—the death penalty—which used to involve deliberate pain and prolonged, public suffering, involving stoning, burning at the stake, hanging, drawing and quartering, and so forth evolved into attempts to be more humane, establishing the use of the electric chair and lethal injection. In many cases, physical punishment has given way to socieconomic methods, such as fines or imprisonment.
vandalism. Vandalism is the action involving deliberate destruction of or damage to public or private property. The term includes property damage, such as graffiti and defacement directed towards any property without permission of the owner.
Robbery is the taking of something of value from another person using force or violence or the threat of force or violence. In the movies and on television, robbers are professional criminals, pointing assault weapons at bank tellers and carjacking people at gunpoint. However, under most state's laws, robbery can include both these sorts of crimes, as well as behavior that many people would consider much less serious. For example, a person who shoves a college student walking home from a bar and steals the student's cell phone out of his or her hand has committed robbery. So has a seventh grader who threatens other students on the playground with beatings if they do not give up their milk money.
A criminal record, police record, or colloquially RAP sheet (Record of Arrests and Prosecutions) is a record of a person's criminal history. The information included in a criminal record and the existence of a criminal record varies between countries and even between jurisdictions within a country. In most cases it lists all non-expunged criminal offences and may also include traffic offences such as speeding and drunk driving. In some countries the record is limited to actual convictions (where the individual has pleaded guilty or been found guilty by a qualified court, resulting in the entry of a conviction), while in others it also includes arrests, charges dismissed, charges pending and charges of which the individual has been acquitted.