1. linguistic typology

2. COMPARATIVE TYPOLOGY AND LEXICOGRAPHY
Comparative typology has a direct connection to Lexicography as both of them deal with comparison and revealing equivalency of language units.
The main link between Comparative typology and Lexicography is in the analysis of systems of compared languages. Lexicography needs the typological analysis of language systems to compile dictionaries.
Both Comparative typology and Lexicography study the systems of related and non-related languages. One of those who first compiled an English vocabulary was a school teacher Kodry who began to gather and systemize words which were very difficult for his pupils during the process of study. His dictionary was completed in 1604 and it is considered to be the first English dictionary.
The first dictionaries have a thousand years history. Through centuries different bilingual dictionaries were created. Bilingual dictionaries are one of the main means to compare languages. They help to study not only foreign languages but also study one's native language.
The work over compiling bilingual dictionaries is also about comparison of the languages. In bilingual dictionaries phonetic, morphological, lexical, semantic, syntactical, orthographical characteristics of the words are usually provided. Be­fore describing the above characteristics it is necessary to learn the characteristics of the dictionary. In Comparative typology the results of comparison obtained in Phonological, Phonetic, Morphological, Lexical and Syntactic typologies can be summarized. Thus without a typological comparison a dictionary can not provide a necessary reference.
A lexicographical process can be divided into two stages.

1. 
   The stage of analysis;
   
2. 
   The stage of synthesis.
   

On the first stage Lexicography provides facts on language systems of the dic­tionary. On the second stage it gives equivalent units of the other language of the dictionary.
The part of lexicography, which studies the comparison of language systems for making dictionaries, can be called a Comparative Lexicography. It can study linguis­tic questions in two ways: synchronically and diachronically.
For example, for the first time the problems of compiling dictionaries of Turkic languages were related to the voice forming affixes. There is a developed system of affixes in these languages which are usually classified into:

1. 
   word-building affixes and
   
2. 
   form-building affixes.
   

There arise problems related to the suffixes which are considered as form-build­ing: should the verbs with the affixes of voice be included into dictionaries? If the suffixes are considered as voice forming, the words with these suffixes should not be included into the dictionaries, as these suffixes build a form of a word but not a new word.
But this principle is not observed fully: some of the voice forms are included in the dictionaries of Turkic languages as independent lexical units while the others are not included at all.
The question regarding the attitude toward the primary word to the causation, reflexivity, mutuality and other categories have not been solved so far in linguistics. The reason is that a simple word can express the causative and non-causative, re­flexive and non-reflexive meanings at the same time. As the exception may serve some words, which are unambiguous.
It is very important to figure out semantic constructions or syntactic models which are the basis of linguistic meaning and express the causative meaning in modern English, for example causative meaning can be created by the help of zero modification like move, warm, grow, which are opposed to unassertive verbs.
Reflective verbs are created in the same way, for example: shave, wash. While explaining such words in the dictionary a lexicographer must show their combina­tions.
Lexicographic analysis of proper names taken from the Arabic language is of a special interest while establishing degree of assimilation for proper names.
Linguistic typology has played a positive role in creating bilingual English-Tur­kic and Turkic-English dictionaries. These topics were of special interest for Formal typology which displayed the meaning of proper names. Arabic proper names were not found in, for example, Chinese language. But when a part of China was attacked and occupied by the Muslims the problem of assimilating the Arabic proper names became acute for China too.
While solving such problems Comparative typology and Lexicography must co­operate with Anthropology, Ethnography, History and others sciences.
We have a number of facts witnessing the links between Comparative typology and Lexicography:

1. 
   Comparative typology and Lexicography analyze systems of two or more lan­guages simultaneously;
   
2. 
   Compared languages can be genetically related or not related;
   
3. 
   Comparative typology and Lexicography.