1. linguistic typology

THE LEXICAL-GRAMMATICAL FIELDS

General-theoretical and applied issues of the field theory were considered by many linguists. The field approach is connected with a principle of content approach to research: «from meaning to form», or «from function to form», i.e. «from mean­ings to the means of their expressions The given question was considered by L.V. Shcherba, I. I. Meshchaninov, F. Bruno and others.
A detailed scientific description of the grammatical-lexical fields was made in the special work of E. V.Gulyga and E.I.Shendels. In their opinion the concept of the grammatical-lexical field is connected to the process identifying different-level means of separate categorial concepts.
The Grammatical-lexical field is category, uniting lexis and grammar while ex­pressing this or that categorial concept. The grammatical and lexical units constitute a common system. E.V.Gulyga and E.I.Shendels identify several grammatical-lex­ical fields: the field of plurality, the field of tense, the modality field, the compari­son, the animaty/unanimaty fields and demonstrational field. Each of these fields is characterized by a number of signs.
The field approach offered by E. V.Gulyga and E.I. Shendels can be useful for the typological inventory of systems of compared languages.

LECTURE – 10.MAJOR PARAMETERS OF THE TYPOLOGICAL CATEGORY


PLAN

1. 
   THE CROSS-LANGUAGE CHARACTER.
   
2. 
   THE CROSS-LEVEL CHARACTER.
   
3. 
   THE CROSS-CLASS CHARACTER.
   
4. 
   THE TYPOLOGICAL CATEGORY OF PERSONALITY
   

1. 
   THE CROSS-LANGUAGE CHARACTER
   

The Comparative typology operates with the special meta-language to compare languages. The typological categories serve a meta-language and are common to the systems of compared languages, thus constituting the cross-language nature of the category. Typological categories are content-based and represented as special units of some common content or categorial meaning in the systems of compared languages which have correlated means of expression. The typological category is a unity of the typological form and typological meaning.