1. modern linguistics as a change of paradigms

  THE NOTION OF PRAGMATIC INTENTION. TYPES OF 
PRAGMATIC INTENTION 

The pragmatic study of literary discourse is also concerned with the

problems of impact and perception as the two sides of communication. Only taken
together do they ensure an integral process of communication. Impact and
perception are closely interrelated and interdependent as ―two sides of the medal‖. A crucial role in analyzing the effectiveness of impact and perception belongs to the notion of pragmatic intention. Pragmatic intention is understood as verbalized   in the text the addresser’s deliberate intention to exert influence on the addressee with the aim to cause some reconstruction in his world picture .
The general pragmatic intention of literary discourse is an aesthetic
influence on the reader.However, in concrete situations the types of pragmatic intentions vary, and so does their impact. The pragmatic intention is an organizing
principle of the text. It predetermines the choice of language means, structural and
semantic peculiarities of the text. Therefore pragmatic analysis aims to find
language units which explicitly or implicitly make pragmatic intentions
recognizable. According to the type of pragmatic intentions the forms of its
language utilization vary. The effectiveness of impact and perception also depends
on the type of pragmatic intentions. In this respect differentiation of pragmatic intentions, hierarchical classification of their types seem to be of paramount importance.
Accepting the assumption that pragmatic intentions are materialized in the
language units, we define the type of pragmatic intention proceeding from: a) the
analysis of all the parameters of a verbal sign, the ways of its introduction,
organization and reorganization in the discourse; b) verbalized in the discourse direct or indirect indication to a pragmatic intention; c) indication to the
addressee’s verbal and non-verbal reaction. The analysis of the language material
makes it possible to define the main types of pragmatic intentions in the 
literary discourse. They are as follows:
● the pragmatic intention ―to attract attention‖ (attention-compelling intention);
● the pragmatic intention ―to interest the reader‖;
● the pragmatic intention ―to exert an emotional impact‖;
● the pragmatic intention ―to activize knowledge structures‖ relevant to the
conceptual information;
● the pragmatic intention ―to stimulate the addressee’s creativity‖;
● the pragmatic intention ―to represent the conceptual world picture‖.
The differentiation of these intentions is relative to some extent. Actually,
language usage is characterized by a much more complicated, polyfunctional
character, and it is conditioned not only by one, but by many interconnected pragmatic intentions. Practically not a single pragmatic intention is used
separately. The above mentioned pragmatic intentions are enumerated in
accordance with an increasing degree of their complexity and aesthetic value. That
means that every pragmatic intention includes the subsequent ones in different combinations.The pragmatic intention aimed to represent the conceptual world picture is ranked as the most global one. It embraces all other types of pragmatic
intentions and to some extent coincides with the function of literary discourse to produce an aesthetic influence on the reader.
Emphasizing the fact of close relationships of these pragmatic intentions,
we, nevertheless, adhere to the opinion that they should be discussed separately. There are some reasons for it. Firstly, the scientific approach to the problem requires a detailed and differential description of the discussed phenomenon.
Secondly, there is a possibility to outline a dominant type of a pragmatic intention
in a concrete communicative situation. Thirdly, it is explained by some
psychological peculiarities of perception. According to some linguistic
investigations, perception is an extensive process characterized by the hierarchy of
different levels. Physiologically, it is explained by the fact that perception as a process goes through various sections of nervous system, and manifests itself in the gradual transition from a low sensory level to a high semantic level . As regards text perception, the principle of hierarchy displays the
gradual transition from the perception of the form, that is the language
organization of the text, to the understanding of the semantic content and aesthetic
value. Such complex and consecutive character of perception complies with a general line of cognition: from the simple to the complex, from the superficial to
the deep.
It would be reasonable now to consider each of the above-mentioned
pragmatic intentions and discuss those verbal signals which play a dominant role in their realization.