1 Road Safety And Automobile Association Patrol In Great Britain

TASHKENT – MADE DIESEL MOTORS

For a number of decades now, Tashkent has been a major center of farm machine building, particularly sets of machinery used in cotton growing and harvesting. The diesel motors for the cotton harvester combines and tractors made in Tashkent had to be brought in from afar – from the Minsk Motor Works in Byelorussia. The situation will be changing soon. The 75 and 100 h. p. tractor diesel engines will be manufactured at the Tashkent Motor Works currently under construction here. This is the country’s seventh enterprise and the only enterprise of its kind in Central Asia.

The construction site sprawls over a vast territory in the Chirchik river flood land, just outside the Tashkent circular highway. The project is planned for a number of years but the equipment already installed is in operation and the plant puts out 5,000 diesel motors per annum. This is only the beginning, because with the completion of the project the enterprise will have an annual output of 45,00 motors. Two – third of this produce will be used locally by the machine – building enterprises of Tashkent while the balance will be delivered to the repair works of the agro – industrial complex of the cotton growing republics of the country. The Tashkent Diesel Motor Works is furnished with highly – efficient digital program controlled machine tools and robotized complexes. All control of production processes and designing work will be fully automated.

Topic # 3

COMPONENTS OF THE AUTOMOBILE

Automobiles are trackless, self – propelled vehicles for land transportation of people or goods, or for moving materials. There are three main types of automobiles. These are passenger cars, buses and lorries (trucks). The automobile consists of the following components: a) the engine; b) the framework; c) the mechanism that transmits the power engine to the wheels; d) the body.

Passenger cars are, as a rule, propelled by an internal combustion engine. They are distinguished by the horse – power of the engine, the number of cylinders on the engine and the type of the body, the type of transmission, wheelbase, weight and overall length.
There are engines of various designs. They differ in the number of cylinders, their position, their operating cycle, valve mechanism, ignition and cooling system.
Most automobile engines have six or eight cylinders, although some four – twelve – , and sixteen - cylinder engines are used. The activities that take place in the engine cylinder can be divided into four stages which are called strokes. The four strokes are: intake, compression, power and exhaust. “Stroke” refers to the piston movement is called top dead center, TDC. The lower limit of piston movement is called bottom dead center, BDC. A stroke constitutes piston movement from TDC to BDC or from BDC to TDC. In other words, the piston completes a stroke each time it changes the direction of function.

Topic # 4

ENGINES

The heat engine is a machine that converts heat energy to mechanical energy. The engines of motor – cars, motor – cycles, farm tractors, motor boats, etc. are heat engines, which belong to the subgroup of internal combustion engines. Combustion engines may be divided into several types according to the number of piston strokes. Most of modern automotive engines operate on four – stroke cycle. There are also engines which operate on two – stroke and six – stroke cycles.

A diesel engine is a machine which produces power by burning oil in a body of air which has been squeezed to a high pressure by moving piston. Diesel engines are especially suitable where an independent source of power is required, as in ships, locomotives, mobile equipment of all sorts and isolated power plants.
Steam, gas and oil engines were known and used prior the invention of the diesel engine. The steam engine converts the heat energy of steam to mechanical energy. A typical steam reciprocation engine consists of a cylinder fitted with a piston. A connection rod and crankshaft change the piston to – and – from motion into rotary motion. The steam pressure on the piston varies during the stroke, and it is a flywheel which maintains a constant output velocity.

Topic # 5