1. What does the Universal Grammar reveal? What does system linguistics work with?

1. What does the Universal Grammar reveal?
2. What does system linguistics work with?
Answers
1. The Universal Grammar (the first period of scientific linguistics) reveals common features of language structures basing on the comparison of languages with different typological structure.
Comparative linguistics. That period falls into 3 stages: a) Comparative -Historical linguistics dealing with the study of genetic similarities and relations of languages; b) Comparative Typological linguistics dealing with language study and identifying language types irrespectively of their cultural historic origin; c) theory of linguistics which forms philosophy of language and serves the basis of General linguistics.
2. System linguistics working with the language philosophy, basically with psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics.
V. Structural linguistics which deals: a) study of the language internal structure, formulates between language and other sign systems; 2) elaborates the theory of linguistic methods and strategies thus creating basis for linguistic modeling
Prof. Buranov J. identifies 4 periods in the history of typological studies: 1) Spontaneous or evolutionary. It begins with the emergence of the first linguistic works. That period was over not long before the Renaissance. In Ancient Greece the language was studied in the frames of philosophy. The major issue which was in the focus of discussion was correlation of substances to their names. Still already in the works of Protagoras and Aristotle there are statements related to distinguishing words, word combinations, linguistic categories like gender, case, number, definition of the sentence, classification of words into names and actions /parts of speech. These works served the basis for distinguishing linguistics into an independent science.
E.g. many scholars, while compiling grammars of separate languages used the models of the languages with already described grammatical structures. (The principle of analogy). For example, while compiling the first English grammars the models of Latin were widely used.
The first grammars for the European languages were based on the Latin Grammars. working with the language philosophy, basically with psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics. Structural linguistics which deals: a) study of the language internal structure, formulates between language and other sign systems; 2) elaborates the theory of linguistic methods and strategies thus creating basis for linguistic modeling.Prof. Buranov J. identifies 4 periods in the history of typological studies: 1) Spontaneous or evolutionary. It begins with the emergence of the first linguistic works. That period was over not long before the Renaissance. In Ancient Greece the language was studied in the frames of philosophy. The major issue which was in the focus of discussion was correlation of substances to their names. Still already in the works of Protagoras and Aristotle there are statements related to distinguishing words, word combinations, linguistic categories like gender, case, number, definition of the sentence, classification of words into names and actions /parts of speech. These works served the basis for distinguishing linguistics into an independent science.
E.g. many scholars, while compiling grammars of separate languages used the models of the languages with already described grammatical structures. (The principle of analogy). For example, while compiling the first English grammars the models of Latin were widely used.
The first grammars for the European languages were based on the Latin Grammars.