1. What types of contexts do you know?

Variant 14
1. What types of contexts do you know?
2. What are the most characteristic features of semantic system of the English language?
3. What are the types of synonyms?
Answers
1.In writing, context refers to information that helps readers accurately interpret the meaning of a text. Context can take many forms, including background information or details about the circumstances, environment, or timeframe in which a work takes place. The defining characteristic of context is that it helps to clarify the meaning of a work of writing.
Four Types of Context in Writing
There are several types of context, including cultural, historical, physical, and rhetorical.timeframe in which a work takes place. The defining characteristic of context is that it helps to clarify the meaning of a work of writing.
Cultural Context
Culture refers to the traditions, beliefs, customs, and way of life specific to a particular group of people. Culture can be associated with a specific nationality, race, geographic area, or religion, just to name a few examples. Having insight into the culture of the characters in a novel or other work of writing provides important insights relevant to interpreting the story or situation. For example:A book or story about growing up will be very different if the main character’s culture is one that values independence and making one’s own way in the world as opposed to one in which young people are expected to follow in the footsteps of their parents and grandparents.
A news story written by a reporter in a country that values free and unbiased journalism where the legal structure guarantees freedom of the press is likely to be very different from one in which the government controls the news media or journalists can be punished for speaking out about certain issues.
Historical Context
Historical context refers to what was going on in the world during the timeframe in which a work is set or was written. It involves factors like economic conditions, societal norms of the day, major events, technological advancements, etc. For example:A research paper or book written about the possibility and potential impact of pandemics after the Covid-19 pandemic is over will have a very different historical context than works on the same topic created during an earlier time.If you are studying the impact of war on families, knowing when a source was written is relevant to interpreting the information provided. The perspective of a book or article written in the World War II era (1939 - 1945) will be very different from one written during or shortly after Operation Desert Storm (1990-1991).
Physical Context
Physical context refers to the setting in which a work of writing takes place. It is the physical environment in which the story, or an event within the story, occurs.A book about surviving on your own in a huge, densely populated city will be very different from a book on the same topic that is set in a remote rural location.A romance novel that focuses on a relationship that develops between college students who attend school together has a very different physical context than one in which partners who live in different cities meet online and maintain a long distance relationship
Rhetorical Context
The rhetorical context refers to the circumstances under which a particular piece of writing is created. It includes factors such as who the author is, the purpose of or occasion for the writing, and its intended audience. For example:The rhetorical context of a work created for a class assignment that will likely only be read by the writer’s teacher is very different from an editorial opinion piece on an issue the author is passionate about that will be published to a broad audience via a news outlet.A press release written by a company’s marketing or public relations department has a very different rhetorical context than a product review written by an independent reviewer who is not being paid by the company that manufactures or sells the product.
2.Semantic features are theoretical units of meaning-holding components which are used for representing word meaning. These features play a vital role in determining the kind of lexical relation which exists between words in a language. Although such model of meaning representation has numerous applications in various fields, the manual derivation of semantic features is a cumbersome and time consuming task. We aim to elevate this process by developing an automated semantic feature extraction system based on ontological models. Such an approach will provide explicit word meaning representation, and enable the computation of lexical relations such as synonym and antonymy.
This paper describes the design and implementation of a prototype system used for automatically deriving componential formulae, and computing lexical relations between words from a given OWL ontology. The system has been tested on a number of ontologies, both English and Arabic. Results of the evaluation indicate that the system was able to provide necessary componential formulae for highly-axiomed ontologies. With regards to computing lexical relations, the system performs better when predicting antonyms, with an average precision of 40%, and an average recall of 75%. We have also found a strong relation between ontology expressivity and system performance.
3.Now that we've looked at the concept, let's examine the two types of synonymy:
1.Absolute synonyms
2.Partial synonyms
Absolute synonyms
With absolute synonyms, the meaning and function of the synonymous words are exactly the same. If you have a pair of absolutely synonymous words, you can substitute the words in every possible context (semantic, grammatical, sociolinguistic, etc.) with its synonym. This condition is very rare because, usually, two words that refer to the same meaning/object can't co-exist. An example of an absolute synonym is airport and aerodrome. The former is what we commonly use nowadays, whereas the latter is an old-fashioned word.
Partial synonyms
Partial synonyms, on the other hand, occur when words have very closely related meanings. The meanings are not exactly the same, only partially, but close enough to relay the same message. Partial synonyms can differ in their collocation, register, and regional/social variation.