2- OY 6- DARS: 3. Kislotalar. Kislotalarning nomlanishi
HCl, HBr, HF, HI, H2S, HCN, HNO2,HNO3,H2CO3,H2SO3,H2SO4,HClO, HClO2,HClO3,HClO4,HBrO, HBrO2,HBrO3,HBrO4,H2SiO3,CH3COOH, HCOOH, H2Cr2O7,H2CrO4,H3PO4,H3PO3,HPO3,H4P2O7,
Kislotalarning sinflanishi
b)
Bir negizli
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Ikki negizli
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Uch negizli
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To’rt negizli
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Kislotalarning olinish usullari
1) Vodorodning oddiy moddalarga ta’siri
H 2 + S → H 2 + Se →
H 2 + Te → H 2 + Cl 2→
H 2 + F 2→ H 2 + J 2→
H 2 + Br 2→
2) Kislotali oksidlarga suvning ta’siri
B 2O 3 + H 2O → CO 2+ H 2O →
N 2O 3+ H 2O → NO 2+ H 2O →
N 2O 5+ H 2O → P 2O 3+ H 2O →
P 2O 5+ H 2O → SO 2+ H 2O →
SO 3+ H 2O → Cl 2O + H 2O →
Cl 2O 3+ H 2O → Cl 2O 5+ H 2O →
Cl 2O 7+ H 2O → As 2O 3+ H 2O →
Br 2O + H 2O → Br 2O 3+ H 2O →
Br 2O 5+ H 2O → Br 2O 7+ H 2O →
3) Kuchsiz kislota tuzlariga kuchli kislotalarning ta’siri
NaCl + H 2SO 4→ NaBr + H 2SO 4→
NaJ + H 2SO 4→ FeCl 2 + H 2SO 4→
FeBr 2 + H 2SO 4→ FeJ 2 + H 2SO 4→
FeS + H 2SO 4→ Na 2S + H 2SO 4→
Al 2S 3 + H 2SO 4→ CrS + H 2SO 4→
Na 2SiO 3 + H 2SO 4→ K 2SiO 3+H 2SO 4→
HCOONa + H 2SO 4→
CH 3COONa + H 2SO 4→
NaCl + HF → NaBr + HCl →
NaJ + HCl → FeCl 2 + HCl →
FeBr 2 + HCl → FeJ 2 + HCl →
FeS + HCl → Na 2S + HCl →
Al 2S 3 + HCl → CrS + HCl →
Na 2SiO 3 + HCl →
K 2SiO 3+ HCl →
HCOONa + HCl →
Kislotalarning xossalari
1) Kislotalarga metallarning ta’siri
Na + HCl → K + HCl →
Ca + HCl → Ba + HCl →
Mg + HCl → Al + HCl →
Na + H 2SO 4→ K + H 2SO 4→
Ca + H 2SO 4→ Ba + H 2SO 4→
Mg + H 2SO 4→ Al + H 2SO 4→
2) Kislotalarga asosli oksidlarning ta’siri
Na 2O + HCl → K 2O + HCl →
Rb 2O + HCl → MgO + HCl →
CaO + HCl → BaO + HCl →
FeO +HCl → CrO + HCl →
Na 2O + H 2SO 4 → K 2O + H 2SO 4 →
Rb 2O + H 2SO 4 → MgO + H 2SO 4 →
CaO + H 2SO 4 → BaO + H 2SO 4 →
FeO +H 2SO 4→ CrO + H 2SO 4→
3) Kislotalarga amfoter oksidlarning ta’siri
BeO +HCl → BeO + H 2SO 4→
ZnO +HCl → ZnO + H 2SO 4→
Al 2O 3 +HCl → Al 2O 3 + H 2SO 4→
4) Kislotalarga asoslarning ta’siri
Cu(OH) 2 + HCl → Cr(OH) 2 + HCl →
Fe(OH) 3 + HCl → Cr(OH) 3 + HCl →
Cu(OH) 2 +H 2SO 4→ Cr(OH) 2+H 2SO 4→
Fe(OH) 3 +H 2SO 4→ Cr(OH) 3+H 2SO 4→
Cu(OH) 2+HNO 3→ Cr(OH) 2 + HNO 3→
Fe(OH) 3+HNO 3→ Cr(OH) 3 + HNO 3→
5) Kislotalarga tuzlarning ta’siri
HCl + AgNO 3→ H 2SO 4 + Ba(NO 3) 2→
H 3PO 4 + CaCl 2→ H 2S + CuSO 4→
HCl + Na 2CO 3→ HCl + Na 2S →
H 2SO 4 + Na 2CO 3→ H 2SO 4 + Na 2S →
4. Tuzlar. Tuzlarning nomlanishi
NaCl, AgI, Al2S3,CaF2,NaBr, CuS, NaNO2,NaNO3,Fe(NO3)2,Al(NO3)3,CaCO3,Na2CO3,
Ca(HCO3)2,NaHCO3,CuSO4,KMnO4,K2Cr2O7,(NH4)2Cr2O7, KHSO3, KHS, Mg(HSO3)2, Ka2HPO4, MgHPO4, CaHPO4, (NH4)2HPO4, Na[Al(OH)4], K[Al(OH)4], Na3[Al(OH)6], K3[Al(OH)6], K3[Fe(CN)6], K4[Fe(CN)6], [Cu(NH3)4]SO4, [Ag(NH3)2]OH, Na2[Zn(OH)4], K2[Be(OH)4], ZnOHCl, BaOHNO3, AlOHCl2, Al(OH)2Cl, (CuOH)2SO4;
Tuzlarning sinflanishi
O’rta tuzlar
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Nordon tuzlar
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Asosli tuzlar
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Qo’sh tuzlar
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Kompleks tuzlar
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Tuzlarning olinishi
1) Metallarga metalmaslarning ta’siri:
Na + S → K + Se →
Na + Te → Ca + Cl 2→
Ba + F 2→ Be + J 2→
Mg + Br 2→
2) Metallarga kislotalarning ta’siri:
Fe + HCl → K + HCl →
Zn + HCl → Ba + HCl →
Mg + HCl → Al + HCl →
Na + H 2SO 4→ K + H 2SO 4→
Ca + H 2SO 4→ Ba + H 2SO 4→
3) Asosli va amfoter oksidlarga kislotalarning ta’siri:
Na 2O + H 2SO 4 → CaO + H 2SO 4 →
BaO + H 2SO 4 → FeO +H 2SO 4→
BeO +HCl → BeO + H 2SO 4→
ZnO +HCl → ZnO + H 2SO 4→
Al 2O 3 +HCl → Al 2O 3 + H 2SO 4→
4) Asoslarga kislotalarning ta’siri:
Cu(OH) 2 + HCl →
Cr(OH) 2 + HCl →
Cu(OH) 2+H 2SO 4→
Fe(OH) 3+ H 2SO 4→
Cu(OH) 2 + HNO 3→
Fe(OH) 3 + HNO 3→
5) Amfoter oksidlarga ishqorlarning ta’siri:
BeO +KOH → BeO + NaOH →
ZnO +KOH → ZnO + NaOH →
Al 2O 3 +KOH → Al 2O 3 + NaOH →
6) Kislotali oksidlarga ishqorlarning ta’siri:
NaOH + Cl 2O 5→ KOH + Cl 2O 5→
Ba(OH) 2 + Cl 2O 7→ Ca(OH) 2+Cl 2O 7→
NaOH + P 2O 5→ KOH + P 2O 5→
Ba(OH) 2+P 2O 5→ Ca(OH)+P 2O 5→
7) Amfoter gidroksidlarga ishqorlarning ta’siri:
Al(OH) 3 +KOH →
Cr(OH) 3 +KOH →
Be(OH) 2 +NaOH →
Zn(OH) 2 +NaOH →
8) Tuzlarga ishqorlarning ta’siri:
CuSO 4+ KOH →
MnCl 2+ KOH →
Fe(NO 3) 2+ KOH →
CrBr 2+ KOH →
ZnSO 4+ KOH →
Al(NO 3) + KOH →
9) Tuzlarga kislotalarning ta’siri:
HCl + AgNO 3→
H 2SO 4 + Ba(NO 3) 2→
H 3PO 4 + CaCl 2→
H 2S + CuSO 4→
10) Tuzlarning o’zaro ta’siri:
NaCl + AgNO 3→
K 2SO 4 + Ba(NO 3) 2→
Na 3PO 4 + CaCl 2→
K 2S + CuSO 4→
11) Asosli oksidlarga kislotali oksidlarning ta’siri:
CaO+ CO 2→ BaO+ CO 2→
MgO+ SO 2→ BeO+ SO 2→
Na 2O+P 2O 5→ K 2O+ P 2O 5→
Tuzlarning xossalari
1) Tuzlarga kislotalarning ta’siri:
NaCl + H 2SO 4→ NaBr + H 2SO 4→
FeS + HCl → Na 2S + HCl →
Al 2S 3 + H 2SO 4→ CrS + H 2SO 4→
2) Tuzlarga asoslarning ta’siri:
Fe(NO 3) 2+ KOH → CrBr 2+ KOH →
ZnSO 4+ KOH → Al(NO 3) + KOH →
3) Tuzlarning o’zaro ta’siri:
CaCl 2 + Na 2CO 3→ Na 2SO 4 + Ba(NO 3) 2→
Na 3PO 4 + CaCl 2→ K 2S + CuSO 4→
Kimyo: Jo'rayev Dostonbek. +99899 900- 46- 25.
Telegramdagi manzil: @Kimyo_masalalar_tahlili
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