2. research methods and networks of psychology plan

2.3 Basic principles of psychology

The study of psychology is based on a number of basic governing principles, which include defining the object of study in a meaningful way, planning procedures for obtaining experimental data, summarizing and interpreting them, and proposing and testing scientific hypotheses. allows.

The following are indicated as the main methodical principles of psychology:
1. The principle of determinism. According to this principle, all existences appear, change and perish according to a certain reason and law. In psychological research, psyche refers to changes in existence based on lifestyle and under the influence of various external conditions.
When talking about the psyche of animals, it should be noted that its development is determined by natural selection as a biological law. If we take the human psyche, the forms of the origin and development of human consciousness are ultimately determined by the laws of development of the method of development of material means necessary for life. Understanding the socio-historical nature of human consciousness serves as a conclusion from the principle of determinism.
2. The principle of the unity of consciousness and activity. Consciousness and activity form an organic unity, but they are not exactly the same. Consciousness is formed by creating its internal plan and program in the process of activity. precisely, moving images of reality appear in the mind, with the help of which a person can determine his direction in the environment.
The principle of the unity of consciousness and activity allows psychologists to determine the internal psychological mechanisms of actions in accordance with effective goals, that is, to reveal the objective laws of the psyche, while studying behavior and activity.
3. The principle of development of psyche and mind in activity. This principle means that the correct understanding of the psyche is formed only when it is considered in continuous development as a process and result of its activity.
The study of each psychic phenomenon should include the description of the characteristics of this phenomenon that are relevant to the present time, the history of its occurrence and formation, as well as the prospects for development.
When studying human psychology and behavior, scientists try to explain them, on the one hand, from the point of view of the biological structure and activity of the organism, and on the other hand, using the laws of social development.