54. Give the definition of the word “strategy”? Give examples of good learners’ strategies in language learning?
Strategies are specific methods of approaching a problem or task, modes of operation for achieving a particular end, planned designs for controlling and manipulating certain information. They are contextualized "battle plans" that might vary from moment to moment, or day to day, or year to year. Strategies vary intraindividually; each of us has a number of possible ways to solve a particular problem, and we choose oneor several in sequencefor a given problem.
Also in 1990, Rebecca Oxford developed a taxonomy for categorizing strategies under six headings:
Cognitive—making associations between new and already known information;
Mnemonic—making associations between new and already known information through use of formula, phrase, verse or the like;
Metacognitive—controlling own cognition through the co-ordination of the planning, organization and evaluation of the learning process;
Compensatory—using context to make up for missing information in reading and writing;
Affective—regulation of emotions, motivation and attitude toward learning;
Social—the interaction with other learners to improve language learning and cultural understanding.
Compensation Strategies
Metacognitive Strategies
Affective Strategies
Social Strategies
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