20. Global problems of humanity. Economic-social geography and ecology

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20.GLOBAL PROBLEMS OF HUMANITY. ECONOMIC-SOCIAL GEOGRAPHY AND 
ECOLOGY 
Plan 
1. 
Global problems of humanity 
2. 
Economic-social geography and ecology 
During the industrial and scientific-technical revolution, the socio-economic development 
of mankind has changed dramatically. As a result of these changes, a number of problems arose 
that were significant, the sphere of influence of which covered the world community, 
determining the future social progress of bashari - Yat. These problems are called global 
problems of mankind, and it is advisable to concentrate the strength, opportunities and efforts of 
all states on the way to finding their solution. 
The reasons for the emergence and aggravation of Global problems are the formation of 
the world population as a single global system in a short time, the rapid development of industry 
and other production sectors, the violation of the balance in the natural environment under the 
influence of human economic activity, the formation of international economic relations in the 
world economy as a single global
Among the main global problems, the following are usually included: the problem of 
maintaining peace and ensuring world security; the environmental problem; the problem of 
socio-economic backwardness and poverty of developing countries; the demographic problem 
(high - pace population growth of developing countries and the demographic crisis in developed 
mam-lakats); the problem of food, the problem of energy, the problem of raw; the problem of 
fighting blood-heart, oncological diseases and Aids. In addition, another group of problems is 
also included in the category of global problems in some literature, for example, the problem of 
combating and preventing situations in emergency, the problem of mastering the universe and 
spatial ecology, or the problem of the crisis of spiritual values. 
The global problems of mankind are closely interconnected, one problem leads to the 
aggravation of others. Therefore, there is no possibility to solve a particular problem without 
paying attention to other problems. For example, there is a certain correlation between 
demographic and food problems in developing countries, since a high-rate increase in the 
population sharply leads to food shortages and famine-lashtiradi. Energy and environmental 
problems are also considered to be directly related, the search and introduction of new energy 
sources in the production of chunonchi also affects the quality of the environment to some 
extent. 
Of the Global problems, the problem of maintaining peace and disarmament is of the 
most universal importance, since if this problem is not solved, it is inevitable that the future of 
life and civilization on earth will come to an extremely deplorable state. In the history of 
mankind, according to some data, more than 14 thousand wars have occurred in total, and, a 
thousand unfortunately, military conflicts and conflicts still occur in different regions of the 
planet. But, on a global level, this problem became acute in the XX century, when two world 
wars took place, in which more than 70 million people were victims in total. 
And in the post-war period, the conditions of sharp contradictions between capitalist and 
socialist states, especially between the United States and the Union - tida, the "arms race" 
became tense. 
Currently, the United States, the Russian Federation, Great Britain, Fran - siya, China, 
India and Pakistan are officially recognized countries of the world community with nuclear 
weapons. It is also known to everyone that the DPRK, which does not have official nuclear 
status, also has this type of weapon. 
War and military conflicts are taking place in different regions of the world. Due to 
hostilities and civil wars, some states were in a situation of humanitarian disaster. Examples of 
this are Syria, Iraq, Li - viya, Somalia, Afghanistan, South Sudan and other countries. 
Also, the socio-economic backwardness and poverty of poorly developed countries are 
also considered significant problems. Currently, up to 1.2 billion people face famine in the world 

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- in maqa, the average life expectancy of more than 1.7 billion inhabitants does not reach 60 
years, 1.5 billion people do not have access to medical services at all, more than 1 billion people 
live extremely poor living, more than 200 million children receive school education - mayapti, 
more than 800 million people The most severe socio - economic situation is observed at 
countries that belong to the group of the most poorly developed (most backward) countries by 
the UN. This list was originally compiled in 1971 and included 24 states. As of 2014, 48 states 
have been recorded in it . 
Of these, 34 are located in Africa, 9 in Asia, 4 in Oceania and 1 in Latin America (Haiti). 
In this category of countries, more than 11% of the world's population lives. 
Nowadays, the food problem is also relevant for many developing countries. The essence 
of this problem lies in the fact that a total of about 1.2 billion people in the world cannot 
consume enough feed mods, to one degree or another faced famine. The population is growing at 
the highest rate, although in African countries this problem occurs at the most acute level. In 
particular, famine in Somalia, South Sudan, Chad and other countries has reached the level of a 
nationwide humanitarian disaster. Several million people also live in famine conditions in South 
and Southeast Asia and some Latin American countries. The solution to the food problem can be 
achieved mainly through the radical improvement of equipment and technologies in agriculture, 
ways to increase labor productivity in this area. 
The energy problem is also one of the most pressing global problems, characterized by 
the fact that its essence coincides with the energy sources from which most of the world energy 
balance ends. That is, a decrease in the reserves of mineral fuel resources (oil, natural gas, coal, 
shales, peat) or a considerable increase in the cost of their production creates a problem 
associated with the discrepancy between the needs of the population and production for energy. 
The solution to this problem, according to most experts, is mainly associated with actions in two 
directions: the widespread introduction of energy-saving technologies into practice and a gradual 
transition to the use of unconventional (alternative) energy sources, such as solar energy, wind, 
surges, geothermal energy, biofuels.