2nd year student of the Engilish language and literature department Joldasbaev Qadirbay 218 Plan

Scientific style - the style of scientific messages. The sphere of use of this style is science and scientific journals , scientists, future specialists, students, just any person who is interested in a particular scientific field can act as text message recipients; the authors of the texts of this style are scientists, experts in their field. The purpose of the style can be called the description of laws, the identification of patterns, the description of discoveries, learning, and the like.
Its main function is the communication of information, as well as the proof of its truth. It is characterized by the presence of small terms , general scientific words, abstract vocabulary, it is dominated by a noun, a lot of abstract and material nouns.
Scientific style exists mainly in written monologue speech. Its genres are scientific article , educational literature , monograph and so on. The stylistic features of this style are emphasized logic, conclusiveness, accuracy (uniqueness).
The art style is used in fiction . It affects the imagination and feelings of the reader, conveys the thoughts and feelings of the author, uses all the richness of vocabulary, the possibilities of different styles, is characterized by figurativeness, emotionality of speech.
The emotionality of the artistic style differs from the emotionality of the colloquial and journalistic styles. The emotionality of artistic speech performs an aesthetic function. The artistic style presupposes a preliminary selection of language means ; all language means are used to create images.
Functional style is a kind of literary language that performs a specific function in communication. That is why styles are called functional. If we consider that the style is characterized by five functions (there is no unanimity among scientists about the number of functions inherent in the language), then five functional styles are distinguished: colloquial-everyday, scientific, official-business, newspaper-journalistic, artistic.
Functional styles determine the stylistic flexibility of the language, the diverse possibilities of expression, variation of thought. Thanks to them, the language is able to express a complex scientific thought, philosophical wisdom, draw laws, reflect the multifaceted life of the people in the epic.
The fulfillment by the style of one or another function - aesthetic, scientific, business, etc. - imposes a deep originality on the whole style. Each function is a specific setting for a particular style of presentation - accurate, objective, concrete-pictorial, informative-business, etc. And, accordingly, with this setting, each functional style selects from the literary language those words and expressions, those forms and constructions that can best fulfill the internal task of a given style. So, scientific speech needs precise and strict concepts, business speech tends to generalized names, artistic speech prefers concreteness, figurativeness.
However, style is not only a way, a manner of presentation. Each style has its own range of topics, its own content. The conversational style is limited, as a rule, to everyday, everyday subjects. Official business speech serves the court, law, diplomacy, relations between enterprises, etc. Newspaper and journalistic speech is closely connected with politics, propaganda, and public opinion.
So, three features of the functional style can be distinguished: 1) each functional style reflects a certain aspect of social life, has a special scope, its own range of topics; 2) each functional style is characterized by certain conditions of communication - official, informal, relaxed, etc.; 3) each functional style has a common setting, the main task of speech.
These external (extralinguistic) features determine the linguistic appearance of functional styles.
The first feature is that each of them has a set of characteristic words and expressions. So, the abundance of terms, special vocabulary to the greatest extent characterizes the scientific style. Colloquial words and expressions indicate that we have a colloquial speech, a colloquial everyday style. Artistic speech is replete with figurative, emotional words, newspaper and journalistic - socio-political terms. This does not mean, of course, that the functional style consists entirely of characteristic words specific to it. On the contrary, in quantitative terms, their share is insignificant, but they constitute the most significant part of it.
The bulk of the words in each style are neutral, interstyle words, against which the characteristic vocabulary and phraseology stand out. Interstyle vocabulary is the guardian of the unity of the literary language. Being general literary, it unites functional styles, not allowing them to turn into special, hard-to-understand languages. Characteristic words constitute the linguistic specificity of the style. It is they who determine its linguistic appearance.
Common to all functional styles are grammatical means. The grammar of the language is the same. However, in accordance with its setting, each functional style uses grammatical forms and constructions in its own way, giving preference to one or another of them. So, for an official business style, which is repelled from everything personal, vaguely personal, returnable constructions, passive turns are very characteristic (reception is made, certificates are issued, money is exchanged). Scientific style prefers direct word order in sentences. The journalistic style is characterized by rhetorical figures: anaphora, epiphora, parallelisms. However, in relation to vocabulary, and especially in relation to grammar, we are not talking about absolute, but about relative assignment to one or another style.
In terms of language, functional styles also differ in terms of imagery and emotionality. The possibilities and degree of figurativeness and emotionality in different styles are not the same. These qualities are not typical in principle for scientific and official business styles. However, elements of figurativeness, emotionality are possible in some genres of diplomacy, in polemical scientific writings. Even some terms are figurative. For example, a strange particle in physics is called so because it really behaves in an unusual, strange way.
Other functional styles are more supportive of emotionality and imagery. For artistic speech, this is one of the main language features. Artistic speech is figurative in nature, essence. Figurativeness in journalism has a different character. However, here it is one of the important terms of style. It is quite predisposed to figurativeness and especially to emotionality and colloquial speech.
Thus, each functional style is a special influential sphere of the literary language, characterized by its own range of topics, its own set of speech genres, specific vocabulary and phraseology. Each functional style is a kind of language in miniature: the language of science, the language of art, the language of laws, diplomacy. And all together they make up what we call the Russian literary language. And it is the functional styles that determine the richness and flexibility of the Russian language. Colloquial speech brings liveliness, naturalness, lightness, ease into the literary language. Scientific speech enriches the language with accuracy and rigor of expression, journalism - with emotionality, aphorism, artistic speech - with figurativeness.
In each developed literary language, more or less definite systems of linguistic expression are observed, differing from each other in the peculiarities of the use of common language means. In each of these systems, one group of funds can be distinguished, which is the leading, most noticeable, and most significant. Thus, terminology is a lexical and phraseological sign of scientific prose. However, terminology alone does not yet give grounds for separating scientific prose into an independent system. The systemic nature of the use of language means is manifested primarily in the interaction and interdependence of all the main means used in this text.
The systemic nature of the use of linguistic means leads to the fact that in various areas of the use of the language, the choice of words and the nature of their use, the predominant use of certain syntactic constructions, the peculiarities of the use of figurative means of the language, the use of various ways of communication between parts of the statement, etc. are normalized. systems are called speech styles or speech styles. Acad. V. V. Vinogradov gives the following “definition of speech style: “Style is a socially conscious and functionally conditioned, internally integrated set of methods of use,