3. Deduce the meanings of the following derivatives from the meanings of their constituents. Explain your deduction. What are the meanings of the affixes in the words under examination

Автономная некоммерческая организация высшего образования «МОСКОВСКИЙ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»

Кафедра общегуманитарных наук и массовых коммуникаций Форма обучения: заочная/очно-заочная

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Лексикология (первый иностранный язык) (часть 1/1)

Группа 21Л171

Студент

Попов-Дедяев Роман Максимович

МОСКВА 2023

3. Deduce the meanings of the following derivatives from the meanings of their constituents. Explain your deduction. What are the meanings of the affixes in the words under examination?

Reddish, adj.; insufficiency of quality red but not quite

overwrite, v.; 1: to write over the surface of 2: to write in inflated or overly elaborate style, prefix over means beyond some quantity, limit, or norm
irregular, adj.; prefix ir means negation 1) lacking perfect symmetry of form 2) lacking continuity or regularity of occurrence, activity, or function 3) failing to occur at regular or normal intervals
illegal, adj.; prefix il means negatio
retype, v.; means repetition
old-womanish, adj.; resembling or befitting an old woman
disrespectable, adj.; negation, suffix able means ability to certain action worthy of respect
inexpensive, adj.; prefix in means negation
unladylike, adj.; prefix un means do the opposite of : reverse (a specified action), suffix like means resembling a lady in appearance or manners or becoming or suitable to a lady
disorganize, v.; to destroy or interrupt the orderly structure or function of, prefix dis means contrary
renew, v.; means repetition
eatable, adj.; fit or good to eat
overdress, v.; prefix over means beyond some quantity, limit, or norm
disinfection, п.; negation and contrary
snobbish, adj.; suffix -ish means being, characteristic of, or befitting a snob
handful, п.; prefix ful means full of
tallish, adj.; rather tall, but not quite approaching the quality of big size
sandy, adj.; suffix y 1) consisting of or containing sand full of sand 2) sprinkled with sand 3) of the color sand
breakable, adj.; capable of being broken
underfed, adj. prefix under means below or short of some quantity, level, or limit

4. In the following examples the italicized words are formed from the same root by means of different affixes. Translate these derivatives into Russian and explain the difference in meaning.

l. a) Sallie is the most amusing person, in the world — and Julia Pendleton the least so. b) Ann was wary, but amused. А) Салли самый смешной человек в мире – а Джулия Пендлентон наименее смешной. B) Энн опасалась, но была довольна. Amusing забавный, смешной, занятный, занимательный amused Позабавило, довольный
2. a) He had a charming smile, almost womanish in sweetness, b) I have kept up with you through Miss Pittypat but she gave me no information that you had developed womanly sweetness. А)У нее была очаровательная улыбка, практически по-женски сладкая. Б) Я поддерживал с Вами отношения через Мисс Питипэт, но она не говорила мне, что Вы стали такой нежной женщиной. womanish 1) женоподобный 2) женский womanly женственный; мягкий, нежный
3. a) I have been having a delightful and entertaining conversation with my old chum, Lord Wisbeach. b) Thanks for your invitation. I'd be delighted to come. А) у меня были восхитительный и развлекательный разговор с моим старым приятелем, Лордом Висбеах Б) Спасибо за ваше приглашение. Я буду рад приехать delightful восхитительный, очаровательный delighted delight – удовольствие, наслаждение, развлечение; радовать, восхищать; доставлять большое удовольствие
4. a) Sally thinks everything is funny — even flunking — and Julia is bored at everything. She never makes the slightest effort to be pleasant. b) — Why are you going to America? — To make my fortune, I hope. — How pleased your father will be if you do. А)Салли считает, что все смешно - даже провал на экзамене - а Джулия находит все скучным. Она никогда не делает ни малейшей попытки понравится. Б) - Зачем вы едете в Америку? - Чтобы сделать себе состояние, я надеюсь. - Как ваш отец рад будет, если вам удастся be pleasant быть приятным; радостный; милый, симпатичный; славный pleased довольный
5. a) Long before he reached the brownstone house... the first fine careless rapture of his mad outbreak had passed from Jerry Mitchell, leaving nervous apprehension in its place. b) If your nephew has really succeeded in his experiments you should be awfully careful. А) Задолго до того он добрался до коричневого дома… Первое небрежное восхищение прошло безумной вспышкой от Джерри Митчелла, оставляя нервную настороженность на своем месте. Б) Если ваш племянник действительно преуспел в своих экспериментах вы должны быть очень осторожны. Careless- небрежный, невнимательный Careful - заботливый, проявляющий заботу
6. a) The trouble with college is that you are expected to know such a lot of things you've never learned. It's very confusing at times. b) That platform was a confused mass of travellers, porters, baggage, trucks, boys with magazines, friends, relatives. a) Проблема колледжа в том, что вы должны знать такое множество вещей, которые вы никогда не знали. Это сбивает с толку. б) Эта платформа была беспорядочной массой туристов, носильщиков, багажа, грузовых автомобилей, мальчиков с журналами, друзей, родственников. confusing сбивающий с толку confuse – (confuse with) смешивать, путать confused смущённый; озадаченный; поставленный в тупик, сбитый с толку; поражённый confuse – (confuse with) смешивать, путать
7. a) At last I decided that even this rather mannish efficient woman could do with a little help. b) He was only a boy not a man yet, but he spoke in a manly way. а) Наконец я решил, что даже эта довольно умелая мужеподобная женщина могла бы это сделать с небольшой помощью. mannish 1) мужеподобная, неженственная 2) свойственный мужчине б) Он был всего лишь мальчиком, еще не мужчиной, но говорил он как мужчина. manly 1) мужественный, отважный, смелый, храбрый 2) мужеподобный

8. a) The boy's respectful manner changed noticeably, b) It may be a respectable occupation, but it sounds rather criminal to me. а) Почтительное поведение мальчика заметно изменилось. respectful почтительный; вежливый б) Возможно, это и приличное занятие, но звучит довольно криминально. respectable 1) а) почтенный; респектабельный; приличный б) заслуживающий уважения 2) достаточный; допустимый; приемлемый

9. a) "Who is leading in the pennant race?" said this strange butler in a feverish whisper, b) It was an idea peculiarly suited to her temperament, an idea that she might have suggested herself if she had thought of it ...this idea of his fevered imagination. а) «Кто лидирует в гонке?" спросил этот странный дворецкий взволнованным шепотом. feverish лихорадочный; возбуждённый, беспокойный; взволнованный, встревоженный б) Это была идея, особенно подходившая для ее темперамента, мысль, что она могла предложить себе, если бы она подумала об этом ... это идея его воспаленного воображения. fevered лихорадочный; возбуждённый

11. Identify the neutral compounds in the word combinations given below and write them out in 3 columns:

A. Simple neutral compounds. revolver-shot topcoat windshield snow-white handkerchief wolf-like
B. Neutral derived compounds. air-conditioned glass-walled high-pitched radio-equipped gold-seekers hunting-knife lightish-coloured
C. Neutral contracted compounds. H-bomb A. A. gun U-turn M-Day

An air-conditioned hall; a glass-walled room; to fight against H-bomb; a loud revolver-shot; a high-pitched voice; a heavy topcoat; a car's windshield; a snowwhite handkerchief; big A. A. guns; a radio-equipped car; thousands of goldseekers; a big hunting-knife; a lightish-coloured man; to howl long and wolflike; to go into frantic U-turns; to fix M-day.

13. Find shortenings in the jokes and extracts given below and specify the method of their formation.

1. Вгоwn: But, Doc, I got bad eyes! Doctor: Don't worry. We'll put you up front. You won't miss a thing.
Doc – from doctor, the contraction of the end of the word
2. "How was your guard duty yesterday, Tom?" "O.K. I was remarkably vigilant." "Were you?" "Oh, yes. I was so vigilant that I heard at once the relief sergeant approaching my post though I was fast asleep."
In the case of O.K., the abbreviation is of "oll korrect". Initial abbreviations which are pronounced as a series of letters they are called Abbreviations
3. "Excuse me, but I'm in a hurry! You've had that phone 20 minutes and not said a word!" "Sir, I'm talking to my wife."
Phone — from telephone, the contraction of the initial part of the word

27. What is the source of the following idioms? If in doubt consult your reference books.

The Trojan horse, a reference to the myth in which Ancient Greek soldiers hid inside a giant wooden horse in order to gain access to the city of Troy.
Achilles heel, comes from the myth of Achilles, who was said to have been dipped into the river Styx by his mother Thetis in order to make him invulnerable.
a labour of Hercules, comes from Greek mythology. Hercules was a man of superhuman strength and courage who performed twelve immense tasks.
an apple of discord, the “apple of discord” was a golden apple inscribed “for the fairest” thrown by Eris.
forbidden fruit, The metaphor comes from the book of Genesis in the Bible. There Adam and Eve are thrown out of Paradise because they eat from the tree of knowledge
the serpent in the tree, The metaphor comes from the book of Genesis in the Bible . God placed Adam in the Garden of Eden to tend it and warned Adam not to eat the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, "for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die." The serpent tempts Eve to eat of the tree, but Eve tells the serpent what God had said. The serpent replies that she would not surely die and that if she eats the fruit of the tree "then your eyes shall be opened, and ye shall be as gods, knowing good and evil."
an ugly duckling, is a Danish literary fairy tale by Danish poet and author Hans Christian Andersen
the fifth column, The term is conventionally credited to Emilio Mola Vidal, a Nationalist general during the Spanish Civil War. As four of his army columns moved on Madrid, the general referred to his militant supporters within the capital as his “fifth column,” intent on undermining the loyalist government from within.
to hide one's head in the sand. The origin of this idiom comes from the incorrect belief that ostriches put their heads in the sand to hide from danger because they thought that if they couldn't see their attacker, their attacker couldn't see them either.