№4/2020 year. Technical science and innovation
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Mechanical Engineering
223
Key words: cluster sowing, pneumatic planter, sowing disc, suction hole, row crops, clustering process, vacuum, group of seeds. One of the priorities of agricultural development in our country is the improvement of machines that ensure an effective crop cultivation process. In-depth research and optimization of the sowing aggregate operation process, as well as elements included in its system, allows to identify existing shortcomings in the technological process, as well as in the sowing aggregate structure, which opens the way to improvement of the whole sowing system. The soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan are characterized by sharp temperature drops, abundance or lack of atmospheric precipitation in early spring. The frequent formation of a hard soil crust has a very unfavorable effect on the germination of cotton crops. Analysis of all factors and soil properties is necessary due to the structural relationship of all elements in the technology of soil tilling and sowing. It has been established [1] that the functional relationship of soil, seed properties and structural elements of working bodies is directly related to the result of high-quality work of machine operators.
Therefore, for the conditions of the sharply continental climate of our country, the sowing processes and, subsequently, the cultivating of plants have some specific features and require the use of special machines. Currently, the issue of high-quality implementation of technological process of sowing cotton and other row crops by the clustering method has not been given adequate attention. Pneumatic planters, as well as the main working body - a sowing apparatus for sowing row crops, such as cotton, corn, soybeans and others, are used in various technological and structural versions, characterized by a number of positive aspects and some disadvantages.[2] Despite the fact that many domestic and foreign scientists are engaged in the research of using the pneumatic sowing apparatuses for clustering sowing, this issue has not been fully cleared up. Well-known technique of rice precision hill- drop (cluster) drilling in dry land uses fixed cluster spacing to achieve orderly planting of crops and to attain good ventilating and day- lighting effects in rice fields [3]. The technique is also beneficial in improving root growth and root structure and in increasing lodging resistance. The high-yield record of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corp’s first division for three consecutive years shows that rice precision cluster drilling technique in dry land is one of the important directions to developed rice cultivating mechanization technology. To further improve the quality of rice precision cluster drilling machine for dry land, a single profiling, electro-hydraulic proportional real-time adjustment of system was developed according to the agronomic requirements. Researchers analyzed the cluster sowing of soybean with different number of plants per hole. [4] In the last few cropping seasons, some soybean producers have tested the application of a cluster sowing
method, usually from three to four seeds every 30 to 40cm. However, there is a lack of information in the literature about the effect of this practice on soybean performance. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate t he effect of a cluster sowing with different number of plants per hole on soybean performance. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four replications and a 2x5 factorial scheme. Aiming at the need of precision rice cluster seeding, the precision hill-direct-seeding seed- metering device for rice with the rebound dipper was designed [5]. The work principle of seed- metering device was stated and the movement track of rice seed was analyzed in the process of seeder's dropping by means of the Matlab software. The evaluation test of the seed-metering device was carried out by using three kinds of rice. The rotational quadratic orthogonal experiments was carried out to further analyze the effects of qualified rate, reseeding rate and missing rate on seeding performance, including rotation speed of disk and height of hopper.
In this regard, scientific research is aimed at improving the technological process of sowing cotton by the cluster method and the use of high-productive machines for its implementation, as |
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