50 Key Concepts in Theology
Eisegesis: the interpretation of a text by ‘reading in’ or imposing a
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50 Key Concepts in Theology - Rayment-Pickard
Eisegesis: the interpretation of a text by ‘reading in’ or imposing a
particular meaning. Exegesis: the interpretation of a text by drawing out its inherent meaning. Form Criticism: a misleading translation of the original German term Formgeschichte, which means ‘history of form’. Form Criticism is the analysis of the history of the literary ‘forms’ out of which the Bible is structured. Form Criticism identifies the ‘type’ or ‘form’ (Gattung) of a biblical passage, and tries to determine the social and historical circumstances (Stiz im Leben) which gave rise to that ‘type’ or ‘form’. Genre Criticism analyses the literary genres of the biblical texts, and what influence the genre of a specific text should have upon its interpretation. Hexapla: the name given to Origen’s edition of the Old Testament in Hebrew and Greek – the first work of Christian textual criticism (second century ad). Higher Criticism: the term coined by Eichhorn for the examination of the themes, structures and meanings of Scripture. The Jesus Seminar: convened in 1985 to determine, verse by verse through the Gospels, which words of Jesus were historical. Lower Criticism: another term for Textual Criticism. The Principle of Accommodation: devised by Matthew Arnold, this argued that an infinite and supreme being must ‘accommodate’ his message, putting it into anthropological terms, in order for it to be understood by puny human beings. Arnold said (in ‘On the Right Interpretation of the Scriptures’) that terms such as the ‘hands’, ‘eyes’ and ‘ears’ of God are surely ‘accommodations’. Q (or Quelle): a hypothetical book of sayings of Jesus that may have been used by Matthew and Luke in the writing of their Gospels. Redaction Criticism: analyses the work and beliefs of the editors of Scripture, trying to discern their purposes, attitudes and concerns. Modern New Testament Redaction Criticism has focused upon the Gospel writers as editors of received sources and traditions. Source Criticism: the attempt to discern the sources of information, stories and sayings which have been used in the writing of the biblical texts. The classic Source-Critical study of the Old Testament is the spectacular Graf-Wellhausen ‘document’ theory of the Pentateuch. This theory detected four distinct sources which contributed to the Pentateuch as we have it. The Synoptic Problem: the question of the historical and literary relationship between the first three Gospels – the order and circumstances under which each was written. The dominant theory is the ‘two-source hypothesis’, which argues that the majority of the synoptic material derives from Mark’s Gospel and a document called ‘Q’. Textual Criticism: this undertakes a word-by-word analysis of the various historical versions of the biblical texts. This involves a detailed knowledge of biblical languages such as Hebrew, Greek and Syriac. The Intentional Fallacy: the supposedly fallacious belief that the meaning of a text is primarily that which the author intended. Typology: this sees the persons, places and events of the Old Testament as ‘types’ which re-occur in the New Testament. St Paul uses a typological approach when he sees Adam as prefiguring Christ (Rom. 5:15–21) and when he refers to the Red Sea and baptism (1 Cor. 10:1–6). BOOKS John Barton (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Biblical Interpretation (CUP, 1998) Steve Moyise, Introduction to Biblical Studies (Continuum, 1998) |
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