501 Critical Reading Questions

c. By placing a peace medal around the neck of a man killed by the
expedition makes an ironic statement about the meaning of
“peace.”
97.
b. To the Plains Native Americans, the pipe ceremony meant that
those who participated accepted sacred obligations to share wealth, aid
in war, and revenge injustice (lines 50–51). The passage suggests that
Lewis and Clark most likely did not understand the significance of
the ceremony. 
98.
e. One meaning of adopt is to take by choice into a relationship. In
this context, adopt has another meaning: to take up and practice or
use.
99.
e. By giving manufactured goods to Native Americans, Lewis and
Clark were promoting Euro-American culture. Jefferson hoped
that these free samples would introduce the Native Americans to
mechanized agriculture as part of his plan to “civilize and instruct”
them (lines 58–61).
501
Critical Reading Questions

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100.
a. The passage compares different abstract principles, or organizing
principles of Euro-American society versus that of tribal societies.
For example, it explores the principles of hierarchy and kinship.
101.
b. Choice a is too general to be the primary purpose of the passage,
whereas choices c and e are too specific. Choice d is not sup-
ported by the passage.
102.
c. Beecher Hooker invokes the Constitution (line 1) and recites the
preamble (lines 9–13) in order to appeal to and persuade her
audience.
103.
a. Beecher Hooker plays on the two meanings suggested by the
phrase learn it by heart as well as by head. She asks her audience to
not only memorize the Constitution’s preamble, but to use both
emotion and intellect to understand its meaning.
104.
e. One meaning of anxious is extreme uneasiness or dread. An alter-
native meaning applies to this context—that of ardently or
earnestly wishing.
105.
c. Passage 1 argues that the foremothers of the nation were patri-
otic and did their full share (line 30) of contributing to the early
republic.
106.