501 Critical Reading Questions

Critical Reading Questions

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76.
d. The passage describes the introduction of British cotton technology to
America (line 15), specifically to New England.
77.
b. The passage mentions the Houses of Industry in Boston and
Philadelphia (line 5) as an example of the association of cloth manu-
facturing with relief of the poor (lines 6–7).
78.
b. The mounting conflict between the colonies and England described in
line 1 suggests that America had political and/or economic reasons
for developing its own textile industry.
79.
a. The description of Samuel Slater’s immigration to America shows
the deceptive measures necessary to evade British export laws and
introduce cotton technology to the colonies. Slater posed as a
farmer in order to emigrate to America and committed to memory
(line 20) the cotton technology he learned in English factory.
80.
a. The author does not offer Slater’s personal viewpoint on child
labor, only the fact that Slater hired nine children between the ages of
seven and twelve (line 23) to work in his Rhode Island mill.
81.
c. According to the passage, the knowledge and training acquired in
Slater’s mill of a generation of millwrights and textile workers (line 25)
provided the catalyst for the spread of cotton mills in New England.
82.
e. One meaning of to model is to display by means of wearing, using,
or posing. In this context, to model means to construct or fashion
after a pattern.
83.
c. The author offers a contrast of different viewpoints exemplified by
the philosophy of Thomas Jefferson, who supported a republic
whose heart was the independent, democratic farmer (lines 43–44) and
that of Alexander Hamilton, who promoted manufacturing (line 46)
and industrial development.
84.
c. According to the passage, deep underlying fissures that already existed
in the economy (lines 18–19) led to the Great Depression.
85.
a. The passage is primarily an account that describes the causative fac-
tors (for example, tariff and war-debt policies, disproportionate
wealth, and the accumulation of debt) that led to the depression and
its effects (for example, business failures, bank closings, homeless-
ness, federal relief programs).
86.
c. Lines 7–8 state that shantytowns were called “Hoovervilles” because
citizens blamed their plight on the Hoover administration’s refusal
to offer assistance. Choice b may be true, but the passage does not
directly support this claim.
87.