A. A. Detlaf, B. M. Yavorskiy fizika kursi
§ . 1.1. Mexanik harakat ................................................................................... ..................12
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- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- 2-bob. Moddiy nuqta va qattiq jism ilgarilanma harakatining dinamikasi.
- 3-bob. Ish va mexanik energiya
- 4-bob. Aylanma harakat kinematikasi va dinamikasi.
- 5-bob. Mexanikada saqlanish qonunlari.
- 6-bob. Noinersial sanoq sistemalaridagi harakat.
- 2-qism. ____________________________________________________________________ MOLEKULYAR FIZIKA VA TERMODINAMIKA ASOSLARI.
- 9-bob. Termodinamikaning birinchi qonuni.
- 10-bob. Gazlar kinetik nazariyasi.
- 11-bob. Termodinamikaning ikkinchi qonuni.
- 12-bob. Real gazlar va bug‘lar.
- MUNDARIJA ……………………………………………………………..………....212
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. 1.1. Mexanik harakat ................................................................................... ..................12 § . 1.2. Tezlik .......................................................................................................................18 § . 1.3. Tezlanish .................................................................................................................20 § . 1.4. Qattiq jismning ilgarilanma harakati ......................................................................23 2-bob. Moddiy nuqta va qattiq jism ilgarilanma harakatining dinamikasi. § . 2.1. Inersiya qonuni. Inersial sanoq tizimi ..................................................................25 § . 2.2. Kuch .......................................................................................................................26 § . 2.3. Massa ......................................................................................................................29 § . 2.4. Moddiy nuqta dinamikasining asosiy qonunlari .....................................................31 § . 2.5. Impulsning o‘zgarish qonuni .................................................................................33 § . 2.6. Massa markazi va uning harakat qonuni ................................................................35 § . 2.7. O‘zgaruvchan massali jism harakati ......... .............................................................37 3-bob. Ish va mexanik energiya . § . 3.1. Kuchning ishi .........................................................................................................40 § . 3.2. Kinetik energiya .....................................................................................................45 § . 3.3. Potensial energiya ..................................................................................................47 § . 3.4. Mexanik energiyaning o‘zgarish qonuni ................................................................51 § . 3.5. Uzluksizlik va Bernulli tenglamalari ......................................................................52 4-bob. Aylanma harakat kinematikasi va dinamikasi. § . 4.1. Qattiq jismning aylanma harakati kinematikasi......................................................57 § . 4.2. Impuls momentining o‘zgarish qonuni....................................................................61 § . 4.3. Qo‘zg‘almas o‘q atrofida aylanuvchi qattiq jism dinamikasi..................................64 5-bob. Mexanikada saqlanish qonunlari. § . 5.1. Impulsning saqlanish qonuni. Absolyut noelastik urilish.......................................70 § . 5.2. Mexanik energiyaning saqlanish qonuni. Mutlaq elastik urilish.............................72 § . 5.3. Impuls momentining saqlanish qonuni...................................................................76 § . 5.4. Markaziy kuchlar maydonidagi harakat..................................................................80 § . 5.5. Kosmik tezliklar va kosmik uchishlar muammosi .................................................83 § . 5.6. Fazo va vaqt simmetriya xossalari bilan saqlanish qonunlari orasidagi bog‘lanish ........................................................................................................87 195 6-bob. Noinersial sanoq sistemalaridagi harakat. § . 6.1. Nisbiy harakat kinematikasi ....................................................................................90 § . 6.2. Inersiya kuchlari .....................................................................................................92 § . 6.3. Yer bilan bog‘liq bo‘lgan sanoq sistemasidagi nisbiy harakat ................................95 § . 6.4. Ekvivalentlik prinsipi ..............................................................................................97 7-bob. Maxsus nisbiylik nazariyasi asoslari. § . 7.1. Galileyning mexanik nisbiylik prinsipi .................................................................100 § . 7.2. Maxsus nisbiylik nazariyasi postulotlari ...............................................................102 § . 7.3. Lorens almashtirishlari .........................................................................................106 § . 7.4. Uzunlik va vaqt oralig‘ining nisbiyligi. Ikki hodisa orasidagi interval .................109 § . 7.5. Relyativistik kinematikada tezlik va tezlanishlarni almashtirish …......................113 § . 7.6. Relyativistik dinamika haqida tushuncha ..............................................................115 § . 7.7. Massa va energiyaning o‘zaro bog‘liqlik qonuni ..................................................119 2-qism. ____________________________________________________________________ MOLEKULYAR FIZIKA VA TERMODINAMIKA ASOSLARI. 8-bob. Termodinamika va molekulyar fizikaning dastlabki tushunchalari va ta’riflari. § . 8.1. Kirish. Issiqlik harakati .........................................................................................124 § . 8.2. Tadqiqotning statistik va termodinamik usullari ...................................................125 § . 8.3. Termodinamik sistemalar. Termodinamik parametrlar va jarayonlar…............…126 § . 8.4. Ideal gaz holat tenglamasi .....................................................................................129 9-bob. Termodinamikaning birinchi qonuni. § . 9.1. Sistemaning ichki energiyasi .................................................................................133 § . 9.2. Ish va issiqlik .........................................................................................................134 § . 9.3. Termodinamikaning birinchi qonuni .....................................................................136 § . 9.4. Termodinamik jarayonlar va ishni grafik tasvirlash .............................................137 § . 9.5. Moddaning issiqlik sig‘imi. Termodinamikaning birinchi qonunini ideal gaz izojarayonlariga tadbiqi ............................................................................139 § . 9.6. Ideal gazlardagi adiabatik va politropik jarayonlar ...............................................143 10-bob. Gazlar kinetik nazariyasi. § . 10.1. Klassik statistik fizika haqida ..............................................................................147 § . 10.2. Ideal gaz kinetik nazariyasi tenglamasi ...............................................................147 § . 10.3. Molekulalarning tezliklari va energiyalari bo‘yicha taqsimot qonuni ………....149 § . 10.4. Molekulalarning tezliklari bo‘yicha taqsimlanishini tajribada tekshirish……....153 § . 10.5. Barametrik formula. Tashqi potensial maydondagi zarralar taqsimoti uchun Bolsman qonuni... ......................................................................155 § . 10.6. Molekularning erkin yugurish yo‘lining o‘rtacha uzunligi.................................158 196 § . 10.7. Termodinamik muvozanatda bo‘lmagan sistemalarda olib o‘tish hodisalari ....160 § . 10.8. Asosiy tenglamalar va ko‘chish hodisalaridagi koeffitsientlar ...........................162 § . 10.9. Gazlardagi ko‘chish hodisalaridan kelib chiqadigan ba’zi natijalar ...................165 § . 10.10. Siyraklangan gazlarning xossalari haqida tushuncha .......................................167 § . 10.11. Energiyaning erkinlik darajasi bo‘yicha tekis taqsimlanish qonuni...................169 § . 10.12. Ideal gaz issiqlik sig‘imining klassik nazariyasi va uning qiyincxiliklari ........171 11-bob. Termodinamikaning ikkinchi qonuni. § . 11.1. Qaytuvchan va qaytmas jarayonlar ....................................................................174 § . 11.2. Aylanma jarayonlar. Karno sikli ......................................................................176 § . 11.3. Entropiya ...........................................................................................................179 § . 11.4. T-S termodinamik diagramma va uning qo‘llanilishi .......................................181 § . 11.5. Termodinamikaning ikkinchi qonuni ................................................................185 § . 11.6. Termodinamikaning ikkinchi qonunini statistik talqini ....................................189 § . 11.7. Fuluktuatsiya .....................................................................................................192 § . 11.8. Broun harakati ...................................................................................................194 12-bob. Real gazlar va bug‘lar. § . 12.1. Gazlardagi molekulalararo o‘zaro ta ‘sir kuchlari ...........................................196 § . 12.2. Van-der-Vaal’s tenglamasi ..............................................................................199 § . 12.3. Real gazlar izotermalari. I va II faza o‘tishlar haqida tushuncha.....................202 § . 12.4. Geliyning o‘taoquvchanligi .............................................................................205 § . 12.5. Real gazning ichki energiyasi. Joul’-Tomson effekti ......................................207 MUNDARIJA ……………………………………………………………..………....212 197 O‘quv-uslubiy nashr A.A. DETLAF, B.M. YAVORSKIY FIZIKA KURSI 1-qism Oliy o‘quv yurtlarining talabalri uchun darslik Tarjimonlar: f.-m.f.d., prof. Yuldashev N.X. (So‘z boshi, Kirish) f.-m.f.n., dosent Xatamov S.O. (I-III boblar) f.-m.f.n., dosent Tadjibaev M. (IV-XII- boblar) Muharrir: AMANOV K. Texnik muharrir: ELMURODOVA O. –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Terishga berildi 00.09.2003 y. Bosishga ruxsat etildi 00.00.2003 y. O‘lchovi 60x84 1 / 16 . Hajmi 15.75 b.t. Nusxasi 300 Buyurtma № 2409. –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– FarPI “Texnika” noshirlik bo‘limi, 712028. 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