A brief Contrastive Analysis of English and Uzbek vocabularies Done by: Yoqubova Mohira Otaniyoz qizi plan

Contrastive lexicology of English and Uzbek presupposes comparing the vocabularies and properties of all English and Uzbek words

A brief Contrastive Analysis of English and Uzbek vocabularies

Done by: Yoqubova Mohira Otaniyoz qizi

plan:

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  1. Some facts of Contrastive lexicology of English and Uzbek
  
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  2. Synonymic set of English and Uzbek words
  
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  3. Comparing words and comparing lexemes
  

Contrastive lexicology of English and Uzbek presupposes comparing the vocabularies and properties of all English and Uzbek words. But this task can 't be fulfilled fully by the reason of following facts:

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  1. The lexical system is an open system, in contrast to phonological and grammatical systems. We even do not know the exact number of words in both languages.
  
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  2. The units (words) of the lexical systems are too many to compare.
  
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  3. The semantic fields, topical groups (тематик гуруҳлар), synonymic sets (синонимик қаторлар) and antonymic pairs
  

  4. Words possess a lot of semantic, morphological, syntactic and stylistic properties

  5. The existing English and Uzbek explanatory dictionaries do not equally reflect the above mentioned properties of words.

There are no special equivalent words in the English semantic field of «kindredship»

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  There are no special equivalent words in the English semantic field of «kindredship»
  

  for the Uzbek words амаки-тоға, амма-хола, ака-ука, опа-сингил, қуда, божа, қайин-қайнагач, кундош etc. According to O.Muminov (2006,15), the semantic field of «blow» contains 6 words (уриш, зарба, зарб, урилиш, тақиллатиш, тепиш ) in Uzbek and more than 20 words (blow, smack, slap,whack,

  poke, dig, rap, knock, stroke etc.) in English.

A synonymic set of a language usually differs from that of another language in the number of the included words and their connotative meanings. For example, the English synonymic set with the dominant word recollection includes 8 words (recollection, reminiscence, commemoration, memorial, mind, souvenir, memento, token), while its

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  A synonymic set of a language usually differs from that of another language in the number of the included words and their connotative meanings. For example, the English synonymic set with the dominant word recollection includes 8 words (recollection, reminiscence, commemoration, memorial, mind, souvenir, memento, token), while its
  
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  Uzbek counterpart with the dominant word хотиpa contains 6 words
  
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  (хотиpa, эс, эсдалик, ёдгорлик, хаёл, таассурот)
  

The Uzbek pronoun y, in contrast to its English counterparts he and she, does not have the seme sex. Errors in the English speech of our students: confusing these pronouns in speech.

The Uzbek pronoun y, in contrast to its English counterparts he and she, does not have the seme sex. Errors in the English speech of our students: confusing these pronouns in speech.

There is no equivalent in Uzbek for the English word berry.

The English and Uzbek equivalent words strong and кучли differ in valence.

Compare:
strong wind - кучли шамол (identical valences)
heavy snow - кучли қор (different valences)
Errors in the English speech of our students: strong snow, strong
rain etc.
The English noun advice is used only in the singular, whereas its Uzbek counterpart can be used in the singular and plural: маслаҳат

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  маслаҳатлар.
  
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  Errors in the English speech of our students: advices
  

The Uzbek word юз has 5 synonyms (бет, афт, башара, чеҳра,жамол), which differ from one another stylistically, whereas its English correlate has none. Antonymic pairs of languages usually coincide.

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  The Uzbek word юз has 5 synonyms (бет, афт, башара, чеҳра,жамол), which differ from one another stylistically, whereas its English correlate has none. Antonymic pairs of languages usually coincide.
  

  Here is a case o f non-coincidence:

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  Uzb. оқ нон - қора нон
  
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  Eng. white bread - brown bread
  

We must distinguish comparing words and comparing lexemes.

Above we have illustrated comparing words of languages, and now a few words about comparing lexemes. It is general knowledge that lexemes are units of language and they are polysemantic.

Big explanatory dictionaries try to present all the lexico-semantic variants of lexemes numerating them in order as far as possible. Comparing lexemes of languages presupposes to compare the number of lexico-semantic variants of the correlative English and Uzbek lexemes and their properties. For example, according to the dictionaries (LDCE, ЎТИЛ) the English lexeme

to warn has 2 lexico-semantic variants, whereas its Uzbek counterpart огоҳлантироқ has none.

It should be noted that English is much richer in polysem antic words than Uzbek.

Thank you for your attention!!!

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