A if the term vegetarian cannot be misleading

 
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A) According to the recent trend, fear of crossing water 
should be called "gephyrophobia". 
B) Although the person with claustrophobia experienced 
unwanted physical changes when he is in a small, 
closed area, fortunately he or she never loses 
consciousness. 
C) Certain factors in the environment may make any person 
phobic. 
D) A phobic person never accepts the fact that there is no 
real cause for alarm and that his fear is rooted in his own 
feelings. 
E) The only defence mechanism seen in phobic people is 
nothing but try to avoid the object of their phobia. 
Since 1920 there has developed a branch of general science perhaps not recognized everywhere; 
traumatic surgery. It has greatly been enhanced by the experiments of two world wars. This type of surgery 
relates to the psychic effects of injury. If has been said that it is the only inescapable type of pathology we 
have ever known. It is to this condition that first aid and much of the present day emergency surgery is 
addressed. The general surgeon is called upon to care for wounds and haemorrhage; to deal with foreign 
bodies, such as bullets and projectiles in the tissues; to treat burns, scalds, sprains, fractures, and 
dislocations. If there is a head injury, it may be complicated by an injury to the brain requiring craniotomy. If 
the chest is injured or ribs broken, the lung may be penetrated. Severe blows or crushes involving the 

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abdomen or trunk may produce, besides contusions of the muscles, ruptured viscera, as the kidney, 
intestines, or bladder. There may be internal bleeding, not at once detected, but manifested some hours 
afterward by general symptoms of haemorrhage. Many injuries are received where bones are broken but in 
which the full extent of the damage may not be apparent until X-ray films are made. This is mostly true of 
some fractures of the spine. In all of these different classes of injury, for checking bleeding, and for 
restoration of lacerated tissues and complicated fractures to something like their normal continuity, 
emergency operations may be required. Many injuries may result in serious loss of substance, amputation 
will be in store for some, and devitalisation of tissue, especially bone, may cause chronic suppuration which 
will necessitate time-consuming and wide reparative and plastic surgery. 
19. Which of the following is correct? 
A) If two world wars hadn't been fought; traumatic surgery 
wouldn't have been known. 
B) All injuries indicate that there are broken bones. 
C) "Foreign bodies" are the dead bodies of the enemy 
soldiers. 
D) Unless X-ray films are taken, it is difficult to tell the 
amount of damage. 
E) X-ray films are not necessarily to be taken to detect fractures 
of the spine; these can easily be understood by the surgeon. 
20. Traumatic surgery was known................. 
A) when World War II began 
B) till the end of World War II 
C) after 1920 
D) when World War I began 
E) until the second half of the 20th century 
21. Which of the following is not a medical name? 
A) pathology 
B) projectice 
C) crainotomy 
D) viscera 
E) haemorrhage 

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