А. М. Maslova Z. I. Winestein L. S. Plebeyskaya Essential English for Medical Students Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged

Text H. Plastics for Health
In 1966 a very interesting operation was performed by the surgeons of Moscow Traumatology [‘tro:m3’tol3d3i] Institute.
The patient was an 18-year-old girl. She had the paralysis of the leg muscles. The patient was examined by the surgeons and then the operation was performed.
During the operation the muscles from her back and abdomen were transplanted to the thigh. These transplanted muscles were connected together by bands of special plastic — lavsan.
It is not the first time that plastics were used to restore health. For example, lavsan bands were also used if the patient had some defects in the spinal column. Special threads (нити) were introduced into the diseased spinal column and the surgeons could examine the condition of the patient by X-rays.
UNIT 2. THE INNER ORGANS OF THE HUMAN BODY
Правила чтения: Буквосочетание oa.
Словообразование: Суффиксы -ous; -ary; -ery; -ory; префиксы inter-, sub-. Грамматика: Функции Past Participle и Present Participle. One—ones, that —those как заменители существительных.

1. 
   Прочтите:
   

road, moan, soap, load, foam, soak, throat

2. 
   Прочтите и переведите:
   

1. 
   fibrous, numerous, continuous, venous, nervous 6) ordinary, alimentary, primary, secondary, respiratory в) subdivision, subacute, subtropical, subcostal, subcutaneous, subclass, subserous
   

3. 
   Прочтите предложения и ответьте на вопрос:
   

1. 
   The delivered lecture was very interesting. 2. The lecture delivered interested everybody. 3. The lecture delivered yesterday by Prof. Smirnov was very interesting.
   

Какую функцию выполняет Past Participle в каждом из этих пред­ложений и как переводится?

4. 
   * Определите, чем являются слова ‘examined’ и ‘changed’ в каждом предложении, и какую функцию они выполняют? Переведите их:
   

А. 1. The therapeutist examined the patient yesterday. 2. The patient was examined by the therapeutist attentively. 3. The patient examined by the therapeutist yesterday felt bad. 4. The examined patient was ill with a heart disease.
Б. 1. The doctor saw the changed condition of the patient. 2. That was why he changed the administrations (назначения) to this patient. 3. The administrations were changed to restore his health rapidly. 4. The nurse did not forget to carry out the administrations changed by the doctor.

5. 
   Пользуясь таблицей 11, (стр. 277) ответьте на вопрос:
   

Какие английские слова употребляются для замены ранее упомянутых существительных в единственном и во множественном числе во избежание их повторения.

6. 
   Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на слова ‘one—ones’, ‘that — those’:
   

1.1 don’t like this book, give me another one. 2. The bones of the extremities are longer than those of the spine. 3. The bones of the skull are those which compose the head and the face. 4. This lecture is more interesting than the one I attended last week. 5, The weight of the lung is less than that of the heart.

7. 
   Запомните произношение следующих слов. Какие из этих слов вам уже знакомы в латинском языке?
   

vascular [‘vseskjub] сосудистый
pericardium [,pen’ka:diam] околосердечная сумка (перикард)
apex [‘eipeks] верхушка interspace [‘mt3(:)’speis] промежуток costal [‘kosti] реберный septum I’septam] перегородка atrium [‘eitnamj предсердие ventricle [‘ventnki] желудочек valve [‘vaelv] клапан
fibrous [‘faibras] волокнистый, фиброзный systemic [sis’temik] системный pulmonary [‘рл1тэпап] легочный
portal [’po:tl] воротной, относящийся к воротной вене (портальный)

8. 
   Выучите следующие слова: inner [Чпэ] а внутренний
   

within [wi’5in] ргр внутри; adii внутрь
include [in’klu:d] v заключать, содержать в себе, включать
male [meil] и мужчина
female [Ti:meil] и женщина
separate [‘seprit] а отдельный; v [‘separeit] отделять(ся) chamber [‘tjeimba] и камера
thick [9ik] а толстый, большой толщины; плотный; густой layer [‘leis] и слой; листок (плевры)
locate [lou’keit] v расположить; определять местонахождение
carry [‘kaeri] v нести, носить; переносить (о болезни)
lung [1лг)] и легкое
liver [‘livs] и печень
coat [kout] и оболочка, налет
dilate [dai’leit] v расширяться); увеличиться); растягивать(ся) contract [кэп’ traekt] v сокращаться)

9. 
   Прочтите и переведите следующие слова и словосочетания:
   

1. 
   chamber [’tjeimba]: the heart consists of two separate chambers; the right atrium [‘eitriam] and the right ventricle are in the right chamber;
   
2. 
   thick [9ik]: a thick wall; thick layer the walls of the left atrium are thick; the left ventricle has thick walls;
   
3. 
   pulmonary [‘рл1тэпэп]: pulmonary artery, pulmonary circulation; pulmonary disease; pulmonary function; pulmonary valve;
   
4. 
   dilate [dai’leit]: dilated; to be dilated, the vessels dilate; the heart dilates and contracts
   

10. 
    1. Прочтите текст А. 2. Выпишите из него слова с суффиксами ‘-ous’, ‘-ary’, ‘-егу’ и префиксом ‘inter-’. 3. Найдите и переведите предложения, содержащие a) Past Participle; б) Present Participle; в) ‘one
    

• 
  ones’, ‘that — those’. 4. Напишите план текста:
  

Text A. The Heart and the Vascular System
The heart is an inner hollow muscular organ placed within the chest and included in the pericardium. The base of the heart is against the third rib. Its apex is against the interspace between the fifth and sixth costal cartilages. The weight of the heart is about 300 grams (gr) in the male and about 220 gr in the female.
The heart consists of two separate chambers divided by the septum. Each of the chambers has two connected parts:
the atrium and the ventricle. The atrioventricular valves separate the atria from the ventricles.
The right atrium is larger than the left one, but the walls of the left atrium are thicker than those of the right one. The right ventricle is triangular (треугольный) in form and has thick walls. The right ventricle is in the anterior part of the heart. The left ventricle is longer and more conical than the right one. The walls of the left ventricle are three times as thick as the walls of the right one. The valves are located at the entrance and exit (выход) of each ventricle.
The muscular structure of the heart consists of two parts — the muscular layers of the atria and the muscular layers of the ventricles.
The vascular system consists of three groups of vessels — arteries, veins and capillaries.
The vessels carrying blood to^and. from the tissues of the body compose the general circulation. They are called the systemic vessels.
The pulmonary circulation is formed by the vessels carrying blood to and from the lungs.
The portal system is formed by the veins passing to the liver.
Most of the arteries are composed of three coats. The arteries dilate and contract simultaneously with the action of the heart.